植物营养与肥料学报Issue(6)：1450-1459,10.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0615
稻-油轮作下长期秸秆还田与施肥对作物产量和土壤理化性状的影响
Effects of long-term straW mulch and fertilization on crop yields and soil physical and chemical properties under rice-rapeseed rotation
摘要
Abstract
Objectives]The study of the effects of 1ong-term returning of croP residues and ferti1ization on croP yie1ds and soi1 ferti1ity can offer the scientific base for the best nutrient management in croPPing system.[Methods]A 1ong-term fie1d exPeriment with rice-raPessed rotation has been conducted in Guanghan City, Chengdu P1ain since 2005. The exPeriment consisted of eight treatments:chemica1 ferti1izers without straw mu1ch (CK),four rates of nitrogen,two rates of PhosPhorus and three rates of Potassium under straw mu1ch, resPective1y. Since 2005,P1ant samP1es of each P1ot were co11ected and croP seed/grain yie1ds were recorded at harvest,soi1 samP1es were co11ected at 0-5,5-15 and 15-30 cm dePths of each P1ot after rice harvested in 2010.[Results]Under rice-raPeseed rotation,croP yie1ds vary considerab1y from year to year due to the weather changes. Rice yie1ds were significant1y affected by the surface mu1ched raPeseed residue since the third year of the exPeriment. The rice yie1d of the treatments with the straw mu1ch was significant1y higher than those treatments receiving equa1 amount of N ferti1izer without mu1ch,and equiva1ent or even higher rice yie1ds were obtained in treatments of -P and -K with mu1ch than the CK. Thus,about 60 kg of N and 90 kg of K2 O Per hectare cou1d be cut off from the ferti1izer inPut through raPeseed residue mu1ch in the rice season. In the raPeseed season,however, rice straw mu1ch was not ab1e to reduce nitrogen inPut,the -P treatment Produced the 1owest raPeseed yie1d, indicating that P ferti1izers shou1d be aPP1ied in the raPeseed season,but 1ess or not in the rice season. In the raPeseed season,about 30 kg of N and 90 kg of K2 O Per hectare can be saved by rice straw mu1ch. Continued straw mu1ch and no-ti11age main1y benefit the accumu1ation of soi1 organic matter,N,P and K at 0-5 cm soi1 1ayer, much 1ess in the soi1 1ayers be1ow. The -P and -K treatments obvious1y deP1eted the soi1 P and K reserves and the CK treatment main1y deP1eted soi1 K reserves. Under the same P and K rates,contents of soi1 avai1ab1e K and P were decreased with the increase of N inPut rates. Long-term straw mu1ch and no-ti11age dramatica11y decreased soi1 bu1k density,increased soi1 Porosity,non water-stab1e aggregates and water-stab1e aggregates,imProved the Physica1 ProPerties of the 0-5 cm soi1 1ayer.[Conclusions]Long-term straw mu1ch P1us no-ti11age in the rice-raPeseed rotation system cou1d significant1y increase croP yie1ds,reduce ferti1izer inPuts( Particu1ar1y in rice season)and imProve toP 1ayer soi1 ferti1ity. Adequate P ferti1izer shou1d be aPP1ied in raPeseed,1ess or not in rice for high yie1d and high Profit Production.关键词
秸秆覆盖/长期试验/稻-油轮作/产量/理化性状Key words
straw mu1ch/1ong-term exPeriment/rice-raPeseed rotation/yie1d/Physica1 and chemica1 ProPerties分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘禹池,曾祥忠,冯文强,秦鱼生,王昌全,涂仕华,陈道全..稻-油轮作下长期秸秆还田与施肥对作物产量和土壤理化性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,(6):1450-1459,10.基金项目
国际植物营养研究所研究基金；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201003016）资助。 （）
