植物营养与肥料学报Issue(6)：1534-1544,11.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0624
酸性硫酸盐土的形成、特性及其生态环境效应
Formation,characteristics and ecological effects of acid sulfate soil
摘要
Abstract
Acid su1fate soi1( ASS)is one of the nastiest soi1s in the word because of its strong acidity. Fe and S biogeochemica1 cyc1ing in ASS P1ays an imPortant ro1e in g1oba1 materia1 recyc1ing. The Parent materia1s of ASS are often form troPica1 and subtroPica1 estuary,bay and other coasta1 environment,where is submerged and rich in organic matter. Dissimi1ation bacteria reduce seawater su1fate to form mackinawite( FeS),greigite( Fe3 S4 ),Pyrite ( FeS2 )and other reduced Fe-S sediments. Sedimentation of reduced Fe-S minera1s coPreciPitates free meta1s,rare earth e1ements and trace e1ements in the environment,Purifies seawater and enrichs meta1s. ASS is formed through oxidation of reduced Fe-S minera1s in soi1s by natura1 Process or anthroPogenic interventions. The oxidation of Fe-S minera1s u1timate1y resu1ts in Products such as Fe-hydroxides,acidity and su1fate,invo1ves a series of comP1ex reactions,with severa1 Fe and S intermediate and strong acidic soi1. In strong acid soi1s,the mobi1ities of A1,Cd, Mn,As,Cr and other Potentia11y toxic meta1s are significant1y high,whi1e the bioavai1abi1ities of P,K,Zn,B and other essentia1 nutrients are significant1y 1ow,which adverse1y affects anima1 and P1ant growth. On the other hand, the mobi1ised acid and toxic e1ements can enter nearby waterways and groundwater through rain,runoff,seePage and other ways,threatening the surrounding eco1ogica1 security. The formation mechanism of ASS has been disc1osed,and its eco1ogica1 effect has been understood. In the ear1y studies,Chinese researchers have focused on concentrations of iron,a1uminum and su1fur in ASS and the remediation and aPP1ications of ASS farm1and,few studies on the deve1oPmenta1 Processes,the eco1ogica1 functions and risks of ASS are conducted. Recent1y,as arab1e 1and shrinking,imProving the yie1ds of ASS and other 1ow-yie1ding fie1ds become imPortant measures to increase China's grain Production. For the rationa1 exP1oit and uti1ize of ASS with minimum eco1ogica1 risks,the formation mechanism,soi1 deve1oPment,soi1 characteristics and eco1ogica1 effects of ASS are reviewed. The forming condition and deve1oPment of ASS were summarized,su1fur dynamics and geochemistry and Partitioning of iron in ASS were Presented,and the distinctive acid characteristics of the soi1 were discussed. The PersPectives of ASS in China were ProPosed to Provide references for fu11 uniti1ization of ASS.关键词
酸性硫酸盐土/成土过程/铁/硫/酸/生态效应Key words
acid su1fate soi1/soi1-forming Process/iron/su1fur/acid/eco1ogica1 effect分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
黄巧义,唐拴虎,卢瑛,张发宝,杨少海..酸性硫酸盐土的形成、特性及其生态环境效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,(6):1534-1544,11.基金项目
国家公益性（农业）行业专项“南方低产水稻土改良技术研究与示范”（201003016）资助。 （）
