基于里德堡原子的电场测量∗
Rydb erg-atom-based electrometry
摘要
Abstract
Atom in Rydberg state has large polarizability, large electric dipole and low ionization threshold field. It is very sensitive to electric field, therefore it can be used to measure the amplitude of electric field, especially the microwave electric field. The new developed scheme is based on quantum interference effects (electromagnetically induced trans-parency and Autler-Townes splitting) in Rydberg atoms. Instead of the direct amplitude measurement, this method tests the Rabi frequency value of the transmission spectrum which is determined by the microwave electric field strength and the corresponding atom nature. The minimum measured strengths of microwave electric fields are far below the standard values obtained by traditional antenna methods. Compared with the traditional methods, this new scheme has several advantages, such as self-calibration, non-perturbation to the measured field and independence of the probe length. Besides, this scheme can also be used to measure the polarization direction of microwave electric field and realize sub-wavelength imaging. Through adjusting the wavelength of coupling laser, a broadband 1–500 GHz microwave electric field measurement can be achieved. This new scheme is benefitial to conducting the continue electric field measurement and the miniaturization of the test equipment. In this paper, the researches about using Rydberg atom to measure electric field with high precision are reviewed. The basic theory and experimental techniques are introduced. Finally, we discuss a promising method of using Rydberg atom interferometer to detect the accumulated phase in the process of interaction between electric field and Rydberg atoms. This method converts amplitude measurement into phase test, which may improve the precision and sensitivity.关键词
里德堡原子/电场计/电磁诱导透明/Autler-Townes效应Key words
Rydberg atom/electric field measurement/electromagnetically induced transparency/Autler-Townes effect引用本文复制引用
黄巍,梁振涛,杜炎雄,颜辉,朱诗亮..基于里德堡原子的电场测量∗[J].物理学报,2015,(16):1-8,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(批准号:11474107,11125417)、广东省自然科学杰出青年基金(批准号:2014A030306012)、广东省高等学校优秀青年教师培养计划(批准号：Yq2013050)、广州市珠江科技新星(批准号:2014010)、教育部长江学者创新团队(批准号:IRT1243)、广东省普通高校青年创新人才项目、华南师范大学青年教师科研培育基金(批准号:14KJ04)和华南师范大学研究生科研创新基金(批准号:2014ssxm12)资助的课题.@@@@* Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11474107,11125417), the Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No.2014A030306012), the Project for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. Yq2013050), the Zhujiang Nova Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No.2014010), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. IRT1243), the Program for Young Innovation Scholars in Universities of Guangdong Province, China, the Science Research Foundation for Young Teachers in South China Normal University (Grant No.14KJ04), and the Science Research Foundation for Graduate Student of South China Normal University (Grant No.2014ssxm12) （批准号:11474107,11125417）
