物理学报Issue(22)：1-11,11.DOI:10.7498/aps.64.220505
基于教室人群疏散实验的行人流建模和模拟∗
Mo deling and simulation of p edestrian evacuation from a single-exit classro om based on exp erimental features
摘要
Abstract
It is of fundamental importance to investigate the evacuation process from a room with obstacles. The typical case is the evacuation of students from a classroom. Based on evacuation experiments from a classroom, the essential features of evacuee are concluded. In the original floor field model, the dynamic floor field is introduced in order to reflect the interaction among pedestrians. A pedestrian may follow the virtual trace of another one in front. The static floor field does not consider the influence of pedestrians. In this paper, the original dynamic floor field is ignored. These desks and chairs are treated as impassable and passable static obstacles, respectively. The static and passible obstacles, such as chairs, lead to the delay of movement of pedestrians. Furthermore, pedestrians are regarded as movable obstacles. The effect of static obstacles on floor field does not change with time. However, the effect of movable obstacles on floor field is dynamic. Therefore, the whole floor field is updated dynamically according to the movement of crowd. Pedestrians may try to find another uncongested path or exit when they find the crowd in front. It provides a better description of the influence of downstream congestions on upstream crowd. The cellular automaton model based on the dynamic floor field is used to investigate the evacuation process in the case of four layouts and three exit widths. The spatial distributions of evacuation time in different conditions and also the average and maximum evacuation times are obtained. Numerical simulations reproduce the evacuation process observed in the experiment quite well. The evacuation time depends on arrangement of these desks and the exit width. For a given layout, the smaller exit leads to longer evacuation time. It is found that the evacuation time does not decrease monotonically with increasing the number of aisles, which depends on the width of aisle as well. When the aisle is not wide enough, the conflict of pedestrians from both sides reduces the efficiency of evacuation. It is helpful for coping with crowd evacuation with an aisle close to the exit side of the wall. The reasons of the differences between experimental and simulation results are also discussed in more detail.关键词
元胞自动机/背景场/行人疏散/最大疏散时间Key words
cellular automata/floor field/pedestrian evacuation/maximum evacuation time引用本文复制引用
董力耘,陈立,段晓茵..基于教室人群疏散实验的行人流建模和模拟∗[J].物理学报,2015,(22):1-11,11.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2012CB725404)和国家自然科学基金(批准号:11172164)资助的课题.* Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2012CB725404) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11172164) （批准号:2012CB725404）
