作物学报Issue(12)：1906-1914,9.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01906
播期对雨养旱地春玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响
Effects of Sowing Time on Spring Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth and Water Use Efficiency in Rainfed Dryland
摘要
Abstract
To solve the problem of incomplete and irregular maize seedling growth and low and unstable yield in the semiarid region of Weibei Shaanxi province, we designed six sowing dates to study their impact on spring maize growth and development,, dry matter production, grain yield, water use efficiency and environmental factors. The results showed that maize growth period was shortened with postponing sowing time, the vegetative growth stage and the overlapping stage of vegetative and reproductive growth had the variations from 2 to 19 days. But reproductive growth stage was relatively stable, with the change from –3 to 5 days. In a certain range of time, dry matter production per plant in different sowing treatments was not obvious different, however, dry matter accumulation in spikes after flowering, yield and water use efficiency in treatments with appropriate sowing time were 4.0%–23.6%, 3.9%–24.5%, and 6.6%–14.5% higher respectively, than those with early sowing time or delayed sowing time, re-sulting from the changed soil water content by adjusting the sowing date. Yield was highly correlated with soil moisture content in a certain sowing date, rainfall before flowering, effective accumulated temperature after flowering and sunshine hours after flow-ering. Thousand grain weight was highly correlated with sunshine hours after flowering. In the treatments with early sowing time, the main factor affecting maize yield was the poor soil moisture content that caused less low effective panicles in unit area and low emergence rate. In the treatment with later sowing time, the main factors affecting yield were the decreased effective accu-mulated temperature and sunshine hours during the reproductive growth stage, resulting in less dry matter accumulation after flowering and lower thousand grain weight. In the treatment with suitable sowing time, actual harvesting panicles and dry matter accumulation of female ear after flowering increased, and water use efficiency was improved. Considering ecological factors and result in this study, the best suitable maize sowing time should be before May 4th for drought avoidance and maize high yield in this region. The research results provide effective cultivation techniques to avoid drought stress for spring maize in this area.关键词
春玉米/播期/干旱/生长发育/水分利用效率Key words
Spring maize/Sowing time/Drought/Growth and development/Water use efficiency引用本文复制引用
路海东,薛吉全,郝引川,张仁和,高杰..播期对雨养旱地春玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响[J].作物学报,2015,(12):1906-1914,9.基金项目
本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203031-07),陕西省科技攻关项目(2013K01-11),西北农林科技大学基本科研业务专项(Z109011111)和博士科研启动基金项目资助。This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201203031-7) and Shaanxi Sci-ence and Technology Key Projects (2013K01-11) and the Basic Scientific Research Business Special Fund of Northwest A&F University (Z109011111) and Doctoral Start-up Funding of Scientific Research （农业）
