植物营养与肥料学报2015，Vol.21Issue(6)：1455-1464,10.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2015.0610
长期保护性耕作对土壤有机碳和玉米产量及水分利用的影响
Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil organic carbon, maize yield and water utilization
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives] Conservation tillage is widely used in dry farmlands of northern China in recent years .A long term field experiment (2003-2013 ) was conducted to explore impact of the conservation tillage on soil organic carbon ( SOC) , spring maize yield and water utilization .We demonstrated the cause of yield improvement in the conservation tillage further , and then provided theoretical and technical support for dry farmland tillage .[Methods] There were three treatments, conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT). Annual variations of SOC (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm), soil moisture at 20 cm depth, crop water consumption, maize yield and water use efficiency were analyzed , and effect of the three tillage methods on above factors was also analyzed .Correlation analysis between maize yield and above factors was done in our study .[Results] 1 ) The conservation tillage can improve soil organic carbon (SOC) content, the annual SOC (0-20 cm) contents of the RT and NT treatments were increased by 11.2%and 3.4%compared with CT respectively , and the SOC (20-40 cm) of the RT and NT treatment were increased 5.53 and 3.29 g/kg.The increased rates of 0-20cm SOC stock of RT and NT were C 0.365 and 0.754 t/(hm2· a) respectively.2) The conservation tillage significantly increased crop yields:the average annual yields of 2003-2013 of the RT and NT treatments were 5.83 t/hm2 and 5.39 t/hm2 respectively, which are 14.7%and 6.1%higher than that of CT.3) The maize yield under the tillage had significant quadratic relationship with the soil 0-20 cm layer water content , and had significant power equation relationship with crop water consumption .4 ) The conservation tillage can increase soil moisture , reduce water consumption during maize growth and improve water use efficiency ( WUE ): compared with the CT and RT , NT increased the average moisture contents of 2003-2013 by 1.90 and 1.66 percentage points , whereas decreased annual water consumption by 16.1 mm and 7.6 mm;compared with CT , RT and NT increased WUEs by 16.1%and 10.2%, and precipitation use efficiencies ( PUE ) by 13.9% and 5.8% respectively .[Conclusions] The long-term conservation tillage can improve SOC and soil water content and decrease useless water consumption effectively, thus improve yield and water use efficiency .RT has the best performance , followed by NT.In general, promotion of conservation tillage is an effective way for increasing yield and water conservation in dry farmlands .关键词
保护性耕作/有机碳/玉米产量/水分利用Key words
conservation tillage/soil organic carbon/maize yield/water use efficiency分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王碧胜,蔡典雄,武雪萍,李景,梁国鹏,于维水,王相玲,杨毅宇,王小彬..长期保护性耕作对土壤有机碳和玉米产量及水分利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(6):1455-1464,10.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03) （2015BAD22B03）
国家"863"计划课题(2013AA102901) （2013AA102901）
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077, 201203030)资助. （农业）
