中国生态农业学报Issue(1)：64-73,10.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150678
滴灌量对冬小麦田间小气候及产量的影响研究
Effect of different drip irrigation amounts on microclimate and yield of winter wheat
摘要
Abstract
In recent years, drip irrigation technology has been widely used in Xinjiang. This has especially been the case for high-intensity crops like wheat, regarded as a revolution in irrigation technology. Despite this, problems have persisted in the use of drip irrigation technology in field production such as high amounts of irrigation and increased irrigation times. Based on the problems of drip irrigation technology in Xinjiang, field experiments were conducted in Yining County, the northern region of Xinjiang, to identify the effects of different amounts of drip irrigation on the micro-climate and yield of winter wheat, and to provided reference for design of optimal drip irrigation amount of winter wheat. Three amounts of drip irrigation, 3 000 m3·hm-2 (TA), 3 750 m3·hm-2 (TB) and 4 500 m3·hm-2 (TC), were set in a randomized block experimental design. Different indicators were observed under different treatments, including soil temperature, canopy temperature, canopy humidity, atmosphere CO2 concentration (Ca), soil evaporation, as well as leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) leaf, yield and yield components of wheat. The results showed that increasing amount of irrigation remarkably decreased soil temperature at the late growth stage of winter wheat. There were differences in temperature among the treatments, with 1.09℃, 1.61 ℃ and 0.52 ℃ differences, respectively, between TA and TB, TA and TC, and TB and TC treatments. With increasing irrigation, canopy temperature of wheat decreased whereas canopy humidity increased. The differences in the highest canopy temperature reached 3.68 ℃between TA and TC. Both soil evaporation and Ci initially increased and then decreased, while Ca decreased throughout the growth stage with increasing drip irrigation. Yield initially decreased and then increase with increasing irrigation volume. It reached 8 971.66 kg·hm-2 under TB condition, which was 20.55% higher than that of TA and 6.86% higher than that of TC. Also a significant negative correlation was noted between soil temperature and yield, canopy temperature and yield, and Ci and yield. However, there was a strong positive correlation between canopy humidity and irrigation. It was therefore recommended that 3 750 m3·hm-2 was the appropriate irrigation quantity for winter wheat in northern Xinjiang. This provided theoretical and practical bases for the development of a proper drip irrigation technology in the northern area of Xinjiang.关键词
滴灌量/冬小麦/冠层温度/冠层湿度/棵间蒸发/产量Key words
Drip irrigation amount/Winter wheat/Canopy temperature/Canopy humidity/Soil evaporation/Yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张娜,张永强,徐文修,仵妮平,吴培杰,程雪峰,张波..滴灌量对冬小麦田间小气候及产量的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,(1):64-73,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31560372)和新疆干旱区水循环与水利用实验室开放课题(XJYS0907-2012-04)资助* This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560372) and the Opening Foundation of Laboratory on Water Cycle and Water Use in Xinjiang Arid region (XJYS0907-2012-04) （31560372）
