草业学报Issue(2)：47-57,11.DOI:10.11686/cyxb2015395
不同覆盖材料和方式对旱地春小麦产量及土壤水温环境的影响
Effect of different mulching materials and methods on soil moisture and temperature and grain yield of dryland spring wheat in northwestern China
摘要
Abstract
This study determined effects of different mulching materials and methods on soil water,soil temper-ature,grain yield (GY)and important agronomic parameters of spring wheat in a semi-arid rain fed area of northwestern China.A total of 8 mulching treatments were tested in this study.These included straw mulc-hing,plastic film mulching such as flatten culture and whole mulching,micro-ridge and whole mulching,large ridge and half mulching,compared with a non-covered treatment as control (CK).There were significantdifferences in soil moisture,soil temperature and GY among the various treatments.Compared to the CK, mulching significantly increased GY by 7.7% to 44.9%,with the maximum yield increase occurring in micro-ridge and whole mulched plastic film treatments.The spikes per unit area (SPUA)were the main factor re-sponsible for difference in GY.There was a highly positive correlation (r =0.788 * )between SPUA and GY. Compared to the CK,mulching increased the average soil moisture in the 0-200 cm soil layer during the entire growth period by 0.3% - 1.7%,and the highest soil moisture levels were those of micro-ridge and whole mulched white film (C1 )and large ridge and half mulched black film (D2 ).Both mulching with wheat straw (A1 )and large ridge and half mulched black film (D2 )decreased average soil temperature in the 0-25 cm soil layer during entire growth period by 1.4 and 0.9℃,while soil temperatures of the other 6 mulching treatments were increased by 0.3 -1.8℃.The maximum warming occurred in flatten culture and whole mulched white film (B1 )treatments.However,more detailed analysis of spatio-temporal differences in soil temperature and soil moisture revealed that the various treatment effects were most strongly seen in different soil layers or in different growth periods.Soil moisture data were recorded at 48 time points in each treatment.Each mulching treatment had 26-40 points with soil moisture higher than the CK,and 8-22 points lower than the CK.Dur-ing the entire growth period,mulching predominantly increased soil moisture at the flower-filling stage,and decreased soil moisture in the booting stage.Mulching-induced soil moisture increases were most evident in the 20-40 cm soil layer,and mulching tended to decrease moisture in the 60-90 cm soil layer.Soil temperatures were measured and recorded at 25 time points in each treatment,and each of the mulching treatments varied in numbers of points higher (range 0 to 24 points)or lower (range 1 to 25 points)than CK plots.The maximum warming was observed in the 25 cm soil layer.关键词
地膜覆盖/秸秆覆盖/土壤水分/土壤温度/春小麦Key words
mulching with plastic film/mulching with straw/soil moisture/soil temperature/spring wheat引用本文复制引用
程宏波,牛建彪,柴守玺,常磊,杨长刚..不同覆盖材料和方式对旱地春小麦产量及土壤水温环境的影响[J].草业学报,2016,(2):47-57,11.基金项目
公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303104）和现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-3-2-49）资助。 （）
