中国生态农业学报Issue(2)：131-141,11.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150904
不同施氮量及种植密度对小麦开花期氮素积累转运的影响
Effects of different nitrogen application amounts and seedling densities on nitrogen accumulation and transport in winter wheat at anthesis stage
摘要
Abstract
To determine reasonable nitrogen (N) application amount and seedling density of wheat for improving N utilization efficiency and yield, N contents in organs in different parts of wheat plant were measured, and wheat response to N application (in terms of N accumulation and translocation) and planting density was studied. In the field experiment, ‘Zhoumai 22’ wheat cultivar was used in a split-plot design with N fertilization amount as the main plot and seedling density as the secondary plot. Nitrogen fertilization amounts during the whole growth period were 0 kg•hm-2 (N0), 120 kg•hm-2 (N1), 240 kg•hm-2 (N2) and 360 kg•hm-2 (N3), respectively, while seedling densities were 225×104 seedlings•hm-2 (M1), 375×104 seedlings•hm-2 (M2) and 525×104 seedlings•hm-2 (M3), respectively. The results showed that N application amounts, seedling densities and the interactions of the two factors had significant effects on N contents in organs in different positions of aboveground wheat at anthesis and maturity stages. N content and accumulation in the vegetative organs of wheat at maturity declined compared with those at anthesis. Total N accumulation in individual plant was changed within range of 7.27-59.65 mg•stem-1 at anthesis and 8.48-60.83 mg•stem-1 at maturity, and the maximum data was observed in N3M2 treatment, while the minimum level was observed in N0M3 treatment. N content and accumulation in vegetative organs of wheat apparently decreased with decreasing of spatial position at anthesis stage. Also N transport and contribution rate of vegetative parts to grain had the same spatial distribution trend. It suggested that flag-leaf and the first upper internode were higher while the fourth upper leaf and the fourth upper internode as well as the other bottom parts near the ground were apparently lower. N content, accumulation and transport capacity of vegetative organs increased with increasing N application rate. N transport rate in the organs of upper and middle spatial position exceeded 50%, and total N contribution rate of vegetative organs to grain exceeded 67%. Increased N fertilizer amount combined with suitable planting density improved the capacity of N accumulation and translocation in aboveground system. Among all the vegetative organs, the ones nearest the ground (such as the fourth upper leaf and internode) were more obviously affected by N application and seedling density while N content and accumulation in those parts were significantly higher under higher N application and medium-level density, narrowing the differences with upper parts of the plant. Also N transport of plant population (28.56-549.49 kg•hm-2) increased with increasing N application amount, especially for plant spike and internode. Grain yield, grain protein content and protein yield were significantly influenced by N application rate. While grain protein content and protein yield were significantly driven by applied N amount and N amount/seedling density interactions, protein yield was driven by seedling density. Considering N transport and grain yield, N application at 240 kg•hm-2 and seedling density at 225 × 104 plant•hm-2 were suitable for ‘Zhoumai 22’ in wheat/corn double cropping in Huanghuai region.关键词
小麦/氮肥/种植密度/氮素积累/地上部器官/空间分布/籽粒产量Key words
Wheat/Nitrogen application/Seedling density/Nitrogen accumulation/Organs in aboveground part/Spatial distribution/Yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
姜丽娜,刘佩,齐冰玉,徐光武,张利霞,马建辉,李春喜..不同施氮量及种植密度对小麦开花期氮素积累转运的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,(2):131-141,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(U1204313)和国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B14,2012BAD14B08,2013BAD07B14)资助* Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1204313) and the National Key Technology Support Program of China (2011BAD16B14,2012BAD14B08,2013BAD07B14) （U1204313）
