中国生态农业学报Issue(2)：142-153,12.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150781
施肥深度对生土地玉米根系及根际土壤肥力垂直分布的影响
Effect of fertilization depth on maize root and rhizosphere soil fertility vertical distribution in immature loess subsoil
摘要
Abstract
This study was set up to determine the effect of fertilization depth on maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, root growth and rhizosphere soil fertility in immature loess subsoil. To that end, a sample of immature loess subsoil was analyzed for the effect of different fertilization depths (0-20 cm, 60-80 cm, 100-120 cm, 140-160 cm and 180-200 cm) of bio-organic fertilizer on maize productivity and the vertical distribution of root weight, rhizospheric soil enzyme activity and rhizosphere soil nutrients in a 2-year root-tube soil column culture. The control treatment (CK) was not treated with fertilizer. The results showed that: 1) indicators such as maize productivity, total root weight, etc., increased at the start and then decreased with increasing fertilization depth from 0 cm to 200 cm. The largest root weight (52.3 g) and productivity (361.0 g) of maize were obtained under the 100-120 cm fertilization depth. 2) In all the treatments, the vertical distribution of maize root weight followed a T-shape and the largest maize root weight was noted in the 0-20 cm soil layer, which accounted for up about 50%of the total root weight. Root weight significantly declined with increasing soil depth (P < 0.05). Under 100-120 cm fertilization depth treatment, both total root weight and root weight of 0-40 cm soil layer (27.19 g) reached the highest level, furthermore, N, P and K accumulation in the root were moderate with 6.60 g•kg-1, 2.38 g•kg-1 and 8.16 g•kg-1, respectively. 3) Fertilization significantly increased enzymes activities and nutrients contents in rhizospheric soil. Urease activity in 0-200 cm rhizospheric soil increased [0.108-0.354 mg(NH3-N)•g-1(soil)•24h-1] in the 60-80 cm fertilization depth treatment. In the 140-160 cm fertilization depth treatment, sucrase activity and available phosphorus content of 0-200 cm rhizospheric soil increased to 12.9-19.6 mg(glucose)•g-1(soil)•24h-1 and 4.31-6.02 mg•kg-1, respectively. Maize rhizosphere soil organic matter content was higher (5.55-7.14 g•kg-1) in the 180-200 cm fertilization depth treatment. When fertilization depth was less than 100 cm or deeper than 120 cm, maize rhizospheric soil alkline phosphatase activity and available nitrogen content kept higher level, which were more than 0.497 mg(phenol)•g-1(soil)•24h-1 and 25.4 mg•kg-1, respectively. 4) Significant correlations among root weight, root NPK nutrient, three rhizospheric soil enzyme activities and three rhizospheric soil nutrients under different fertilization depth treatments were observed in the immature loess subsoil. 5) The optimized fertilization depth was 60-160 cm for improving maize shoot-root-soil systems in the immature loess subsoil based on FACTOR and CLUSTER analyses. This study provided a new idea for speeding up the raw soil maturation process through changing fertilizers application depth.关键词
施肥深度/生土地/玉米/地上部生产力/根系分布/根际土壤肥力Key words
Fertilization depth/Immature loess subsoil/Maize/Productivity/Root distribution/Rhizosphere soil fertility分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
苏志峰,杨文平,杜天庆,郝教敏,孙敏,高志强,杨珍平..施肥深度对生土地玉米根系及根际土壤肥力垂直分布的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,(2):142-153,12.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD23B04-2)、国家自然科学基金项目(31101113)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24)资助* This work was supported by the National Key Technology R & D Program (No.2015BAD23B04-2), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31101113) and the Special Fund for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modem Agriculture (No. CARS-03-01-24) （2015BAD23B04-2）
