中国生态农业学报Issue(2)：173-182,10.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.150960
一穴多株种植对夏玉米群体质量和产量的影响
Effects of more plants per hill on population quality and yield of summer maize
摘要
Abstract
It is important to get high maize yield by increasing planting density, but this could have some shortfalls (e.g., canopy closure) which limit further increase in planting density. In order to alleviate canopy closure of summer maize under high density and to improve population quality and yield, a 2-year field experiment was conducted at the Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University. Three treatments were designed in the field, including one plant per hill (P1), two plants per hill (P2), and three plants per hill (P3) under planting density of 82 500 plant·hm-2. Then the study estimated leaf area per plant, dry matter (DM), photosynthetic potential (PP), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR), grain-leaf area ratio and grain yield. Leaf areas under P2 and P3 treatments at silking stage (R1) increased by 10.7%-21.9% and 7.3%-16.7%, respectively. At about 20 days after silking (DAS), leaf areas under P2 and P3 treatments increased by 13.5%-21.9% and 9.4%-12.7%, respectively, compared with P1 treatment. The DM of P2 and P3 treatments at R1 and physiological maturity stage (M) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of P1 treatment. PP was improved at 6-leaf stage under P2 treatment, but decreased with increasing number of plants per hill. Compared with P1 treatment, RGR from DAS20 to M increased by 30.4%-190.7% and 33.9%-183.5%, NAR increased by 16.1%-161.9% and 30.7%-155.8%, respectively, under P2 and P3 treatments. Also CGR, grain-leaf area ratio and grain yield were enhanced under P2 and P3 treatments. Compared with P1 treatment, yield under P2 and P3 treatments increased by 5.8%-23.5% and 4.9%-18.9%, respectively. It was noted that ear number per hectare and grain number per ear under P2 treatment slightly increased and the thousand-grain weight increased obviously over that of P1 treatment. Analysis of ear number per hectare, grain number per ear and thousand-grain weight after two years of growth showed that ear number per hectare dropped slightly, grain number per ear increased slightly, and thousand-grain weight evidently increased under P3 treatment, compared with P1 treatment. Yield showed significant and positive linear correlation with grain weight/leaf area ratio (R2 = 0.94****) and grain number/leaf area ratio (R2 = 0.76***). Thus under high density conditions, more plants per hill improved the processes of leaf area and dry matter accumulation that in turn improved population quality. The increment in grain yield under more plants per hill was mainly due to the enhancements of thousand-grain weight and grain number per ear. In conclusion, population quality, yield and yield components were improved in two plants per hill treatment. Thus based on this study, two plants per hill planting pattern was recommended as the best performing planting pattern of maize.关键词
一穴多株/夏玉米/群体质量/净同化速率/产量Key words
More plants per hill/Summer maize/Population quality/Net photosynthesis/Yield分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
王云奇,李金鹏,王志敏,宋文品,韩美坤,邓万云,张英华..一穴多株种植对夏玉米群体质量和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,(2):173-182,10.基金项目
公益性行业科研专项(201303133)、国家自然科学基金项目(31401297)和河北省科技计划项目(14227008D)资助* This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (No.201303133), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31401297) and the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province (No.14227008D) （201303133）
