农业工程学报2016，Vol.34Issue(7)：19-27,9.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.07.003
油茶果脱壳机的设计与工作参数优化
Design of shelling machine forcamellia oleifera fruit and operating parameter optimization
摘要
Abstract
In China,Camellia oleifera fruit is deeply loved by consumers as specific woody oil resource. Because of the composition of fatty acid for camellia seed oil is highly similar to olive oil, it is also known as “Oriental olive oil”. However, the shelling operation ofCamellia oleiferafruit largely relies on natural drying, which is of low efficiency, high labor intensity, high processing cost, and great dependence on weather. In order to improve the performance of shelling machine forCamellia oleiferafruit, increase the shelling rate and reduce the seed breaking rate, choosing the shelling rate and seed breaking rate as the indices, 3 aspects were studied based on the existing shelling equipment and practical engineering experience in this paper. Firstly, the physical parameters ofCamellia oleiferafruit were studied. The parameters such as density, bulk density, grain size, water content and proportion of each component ofCamellia oleiferafruit from Changning City were measured, which provided the data for the design of shelling machine parts. Secondly, the mechanism and main structure of the shelling machine were studied. In the beginning, the merits and defects of commonly-used methods for shelling were summed based on their working principle and mechanism. According to practical engineering experience and the measured data above, the final squeeze-rub shelling method forCamellia oleiferafruit was determined. Then the structure of main parts was designed, which included the shelling device consisting of the roller, annular plate and the regulating mechanism, and the separation device consisting of stirring shaft and circular groove structure screen. Finally, the three-dimensional (3D) prototype model was established and the drawing design was completed. Thirdly, the operating parameters of shelling machine forCamellia oleifera fruit were studied. The shelling machine forCamellia oleiferafruit was manufactured based on the structure design, and then the operating parameters’ optimization test was made. In the experiment,Camellia oleiferafruit’s shelling gap, speed of shelling motor, speed of separation motor were taken as single factors, respectively, and the shelling rate and seed breaking rate were taken as indices. The influence trend of these factors on the indices was drew out. Based on the result, the orthogonal experiment was designed, which aimed at studying the effects of the speed of shelling motor, the speed of separation motor and the gap of shelling on shelling rate and seed breaking rate. The results indicated that the water contents of the fresh Camellia oleiferafruit, shell and seed were 60.08%, 74.55% and 45.60%, respectively. The particle size distribution was 20-50 mm, and the bulk density was 0.52 kg/L. The optimal combination parameters were that the speed of shelling motor was 125 r/min, the speed of separation motor was 343 r/min and the shelling gap was 12 mm. And under the condition, the shelling rate was 96.91%, the seed breaking rate was 3.38% and the production capacity was up to 2 t/h. The optimal parameters achieved in this paper can provide reference and technical support for the actual application of shelling machine forCamellia oleifera fruit. And it will benefit the processing industry ofCamellia oleiferafruit.关键词
农业机械/农作物/优化/油茶果/脱壳/设计Key words
agricultural machinery/crops/optimization/Camellia oleiferafruit/shelling/design分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
朱广飞,任嘉嘉,王振,相海,牟仁生,李少华..油茶果脱壳机的设计与工作参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,34(7):19-27,9.基金项目
农业部农业技术试验示范（农产品加工）项目 （）
