色谱2016，Vol.34Issue(4)：361-369,9.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1123.2015.05001
小分子靶标的核酸适配体筛选的研究进展
Research advances of aptamers selection for small molecule targets
摘要
Abstract
Aptamers are ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) or single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid ( ssDNA ) selected by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment ( SELEX ). Aptamers can identify small molecules,proteins,cells,microorganisms and other targets with high affinity and specificity,and have been widely applied in biology,medicine,food and environmental monitoring. However,available aptamers of practical use are limited. The com-plex and difficult screening of aptamers are the key to restrict its wide application. Differing from biomacromolecules,cells and microorganisms,small molecules have less binding sites and weaker affinity with nucleic acids. And they usually need to be immobilized on substrates. In addition,due to the tiny differences of size,weight and charge of the target-ssDNA/RNA complex and ssDNA/RNA,their separation is difficult. Therefore,the aptamer selection of small molecules is more difficult than biomacromolecules or cells. The selection of methods for immobilizing the targets or library and the optimization of separation process proceed mainly based on the structure characteristics and applications of aptamers. In this paper,the screening methods for molecules with different groups,molecules containing the same group and chiral molecules are introduced. Also,the library design,the methods for separating targets-ssDNA complex and characterizing affinity interaction are discussed. The sequences and dissociation constants(Kd)of about 40 aptamers reported since 2008 are listed.关键词
核酸适配体/小分子靶标/筛选/综述Key words
aptamer/small molecule targets/screening/review分类
化学引用本文复制引用
王勇,赵新颖,石冬冬,杨歌,屈锋..小分子靶标的核酸适配体筛选的研究进展[J].色谱,2016,34(4):361-369,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目（21175011，21375008）；北京市科学技术研究院青年骨干计划项目；“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题（2011BAD26B040406）．@@@@National Natural Science Foundation of China（ Nos．21175011，21375008）；Youth Plan of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology；Twelfth Five-Year-Plan in National Science and Technology for the Rural Devel-opment（ No．2011BAD26B040406）． （）
