中国生态农业学报2016，Vol.24Issue(4)：403-415,13.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160061
间套作强化农田生态系统服务功能的研究进展与应用展望*
Intercroppingenhancesagroecosystemservicesandfunctioning:Current knowledgeandperspectives*
摘要
Abstract
IntercroppingisoneofthetraditionalfarmingsystemspracticedbyfarmersinChinaformorethan2000yearswith some intriguing ecological principles. Previous studies have shown that intercropping enhanced not only cropproductivity,butalsotheutilizationefficienciesofresources,includingabove-ground(e.g.,land,thermal,radiationandspace)andbelow-ground(e.g.,waterandnutrients)resources.Recenteffortshavemadesomeprogressesonintercroppingresearch.Here, we reviewed the potential of intercropping to strength ecosystem services and functions at the agroecosystem level,prospective research directions and highlight practical uses in modern agriculture. Intercropping increased biodiversity,productivity and stability of agroecosystems. At the same time, intercropping enhanced water use by isolating the time formaximum water requirements of one species from the other, and spatial complementarity by hydraulic lift of water. TheenhancementofnitrogenacquisitionwasattributedtonichedifferentiationofNresourcesinwhichcerealsacquiredmoremineralNfromthesoil,whilelegumesfixedmoreNfromairN2.ThiswasbecausethatcerealswasmorecompetitivethanlegumesandmineralNcompetitionincreasedsymbioticN2fixationoflegumes.SomePmobilizedspeciesfacilitatedtheconversionofsoilunavailablePintoavailableP,whichbenefitednotonlythespeciesbutalsotheneighboringimmobilizedotherspecies.E.g.,therootsoffababeanreleasedcarboxylatesorprotontodissolvesparinglysolublePinsoils.AlsotherootsofchickpeareleasedphytaseorphosphatasetodecomposeorganicPinthesoil,whichincreasedavailablesoilP.Therewereinterspecificfacilitationsofiron(Fe)andzinc(Zn)nutrientsinintercroppingofdicotyledonousornon-graminaceousmonocotyledonous(strategyIforFeacquisitionandnon-FeorZnmobilization)speciesandgraminaceousmonocotyledonous(strategy Ⅱ forFeacquisitionand Fe or Zn mobilization) species, which benefited micronutrient availability in intercropped non-Fe-mobilizing orZn-mobilizingspecies.Inthepaper,Ialsoidentifiedsomeimportantfuturedirectionsofintercroppingresearchandpracticaluses.Theresearchdirectionsincludecropdiversityandagriculturalsustainability,signal-controlledinterspecificinteractionsbetweenintercropped species, linkageinteractionstoabove-groundandbelow-grounddiversities,functional,structuralandempiricalmodelsforintercropping,etc.Inapplication,intercroppingcanbeusedtodevelopecologicallyintensiveagricultureand organic farming, to enhance fertilizer recovery, and to enrich the contents of microelements in edible parts of crops.Finally,itwillbeusefultofurtherdevelopsuitablemachineryandbreednewercropvarietiesforintercropping.关键词
间作套种/作物多样性/资源高效利用/生产力/共生生物固氮/磷活化/微量元素Key words
Intercropping/Cropdiversity/Efficientutilizationofresources/Productivity/SymbioticN2fixation/Phosphorusmobilization/Microelement分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李隆..间套作强化农田生态系统服务功能的研究进展与应用展望*[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):403-415,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金重点项目(31430014)、国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B10)和国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100405)资助*ThestudywasfundedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.31430014),NationalKeyTechnologiesR&DProgramofChina(No.2012BAD14B10)andtheNationalBasicResearchProgramofChina(973Program)(No.2011CB100405). （31430014）
