中国生态农业学报2016，Vol.24Issue(4)：416-434,19.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.151347
潮土农田微生物研究进展*
Researchprogressesoffarmlandmicroorganismsinfluvo-aquicsoilofChina
摘要
Abstract
Responsesandfeedbacksofsoilmicroorganismtofertilizationareimportanttotheevaluationoffertilizationeffectandestablishmentofscientificfertilizationmanagement.Thepapersummarizedtheresearchresultsofauthor’steamineffectof long-term fertilizations, especially single application of organic fertilizer, on soil microorganisms related to the carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in fluvo-aquic soil. The microbial mechanisms of soil fertility enhancement were alsodiscussed in the paper. The results indicated that for the fluvo-aquic soil in the North China Plain, long term balancedfertilization,especiallylongtermorganicfertilization,increasedsoilcontentsoforganiccarbonandothernutrients,theeffectwas more obvious on soil phosphorus content. This, furthermore, improved soil microorganism community structure, andenhancedsoilmicrobialbiomasscarboncontent,invertaseactivity,respirationrateandmicrobialfunctiondiversity(carbonmetabolic activity), while significantly decreased metabolic quotient and metabolic heat of soil microorganisms. On thecontrary,nutritionaldeficiency,especiallyphosphorusdeficiency,notonlydecreasedmetabolicefficiency,butalsoinducedmore heat dissipation and CO2 emission during metabolism of soil microorganisms, which finally decreased soil quality.Long-termapplicationofnitrogenfertilizerenforcedsoilnitrificationactivity,andincreasedamountanddiversityofammoniaoxidizing bacteria. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer was more effective than organic nitrogen fertilizer. In phosphorus-deficientfluvo-aquicsoil,rationalphosphorusfertilizationwasessentialpreconditionofscientificapplicationofnitrogenfertilizationtopromote crop growth and soil fertility, reduce nitrogen loss. Long-term application of phosphorus fertilizer, and balancedfertilizationloweredthedependenceofcropgrowthonarbuscularmycorrhizalfungi(AMF),decreasedsoilAMFdiversityandinduced differentiation of AMF, which benefited the sustainability of phosphorus-deficient fluvo-aquic soil. An indigenousmicroorganismoffluvo-aquicsoil,Bacillusasahiiwithuniquephysiologicalcharacteristicsandabundantmetabolicdiversitysignificantlyrespondedtolong-termorganicfertilization,andcoulddeveloptothedominantspeciesduringtwotofouryears.B.asahiicouldacceleratedother microorganismsintheprocessoforganicmatteraccumulationandphosphorusrecycleinfluvo-aquicsoil,playedaleadingroleoncropgrowthandsoilfertilityincrease.Theresultwasfavoredforunderstandingthemicrobialmechanismofeffectoflong-termorganicfertilizationonsoilfertilityimprovementintheNorthChinaPlain,andforadjustingsoilmicroorganismtoservefarmlandecosystem.关键词
潮土/微生物/长期施肥/有机肥/磷肥/碳氮磷循环/BacillusasahiiKey words
Fluvo-aquicsoil/Microorganism/Long-term fertilization/Organic fertilizer/Phosphorus fertilizer/Carbon-nitrogen-phosphorusrecycle/Bacillusasahii分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
林先贵冯有智..潮土农田微生物研究进展*[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):416-434,19.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41071168)资助*ThisworkwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(41071168). （41071168）
