中国生态农业学报2016，Vol.24Issue(4)：451-459,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160131
全球重要农业文化遗产地的农业生物多样性特征及其保护与利用*
Agrobiodiversityfeatures,conservationandutilizationofChina’s GloballyImportantAgriculturalHeritageSystems
摘要
Abstract
Recent increases in agricultural productivity have largely been attributed to the availability of high-yieldingvarieties,farmirrigationandagrochemicalinputs.However,manyoftheinputsandpracticesofintensiveagriculturehaveremaineddetrimentaltohumanhealth,environmentalqualityandbiodiversityconservation.Theshortageofintensivemodernagriculture requires “agriculture rethinking” and learning back from traditional agricultural systems. Conservation ofexistingbiodiversityintraditionalagriculturalsystemsandtheadoptionofbiodiversity-basedpracticeshavebeenproposedasawayofimprovingthesustainabilityofagriculturalproduction.In2002,theFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)startedaninitiativeofGloballyImportantAgriculturalHeritageSystems(GIAHS)thatemphasizeddynamicconservation ideas. FAO defined GHAHS as “remarkable land use systems and landscapes rich in globallysignificant biological diversity evolving from the co-adaptation of a community with its environment and its needs andaspirations for sustainable development”. The GIAHS initiative aimed to establish the basis for international recognition,dynamic conservation and sustainable development management of such systems as agricultural biodiversity and theassociatedbiodiversity,knowledgesystems,foodandlivelihoodsecurity,landscapesandcultures.Sincethen,anincreasingnumber of countries and international organizations have accepted the concept of GIAHS with the related dynamicconservationideology,asespeciallysupportedbyGlobalEnvironmentFacility(GEF).OverfiveyearsofimplementationofGEFprojectinpilotcountrieshaveshownthatnotonlyagrobiodiversityandculturaldiversitybeeneffectivelyprotected,butalsosustainablesocio-economicdevelopmenthasbeenwellpromoted.Basedon11GIAHSsitesinChina,thispaperanalyzedtheagrobiodiversityfeaturesfromtheviewofgeneticdiversity,speciesdiversity,ecosystemdiversity,landscapediversityandcultural diversity. It then illustrated the ecological thoughts and principles, and some suggestions were put forward forconservation and utilization of agrobiodiversity. The approaches included the establishment of monitoring and evaluationsystems, intensification of agrobiodiversity conservation and sustainable management research, formulation of incentivemechanismsforagrobiodiversity,andsettingupofself-supportingandsustainabledevelopmentmechanisms.关键词
全球重要农业文化遗产/农业生物多样性/保护与利用/动态保护/可持续发展Key words
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)/Agrobiodiversity/Conservation and utilization/Dynamicconservation/Sustainabledevelopment分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
张丹,闵庆文,何露,袁正..全球重要农业文化遗产地的农业生物多样性特征及其保护与利用*[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):451-459,9.基金项目
农业部农业国际交流与合作项目“中国的全球重要农业文化遗产评估”资助*Supported by the“Evaluation of China’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems” of Agricultural International Exchange andCooperationProjectofMinistryofAgriculture （）
