中国生态农业学报2016，Vol.24Issue(4)：460-469,10.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.151353
稻作梯田农业文化遗产保护研究综述*
Areviewofconservationofriceterracesasagriculturalheritagesystems
摘要
Abstract
Terracesareoldagriculturalfieldsystemscreatedbytheancestorsaccordingtothelocalterrainandwhichstillperformtheirproductionfunctiontoday.Theselandusesystemsclearlyshowthewisdomandabilitiesofhumanadaptingandtakingadvantagesofthenaturalenvironment.Nowadays,thetillageandmanagementexperiencesandtraditionalagriculturalknowledge on terrace systems can offer important insights and references for the sustainable development of modernagriculture.Withindustrializationandurbanization,however,thelimitationsofterraceagricultureinproductionefficiencyaremoreandmoreobvious,whichhasledtoaseriesofnaturalandman-madeenvironmentalandsocietalproblemsduetotheterrainlimitsforusingfarmmachinesandoverwhelmingdevelopmentoftourism.Thesenegativeeffectshaveledtothenearcollapseofterraceagriculture.Thus,aseriesofresearchprojectsontheprotectionofterraceagriculturehavebeenconducted.This paper reviewed most available works on the protection of rice terraces in three aspects, including protected objects,existingproblemsandcauses,andprotectivemeasures.Theprotectedobjectsweremainlythelandscapes,ecosystemservicesand social cultures in rice terrace areas. The protected landscape elements included terrace structures, water conservationforests,farmirrigationsystemsandvillages.Thekeyprotectedobjectsintheecosystemscoveredtraditionalcropvarieties,biodiversity,environmentalqualityofterracesandthecomprehensiveagriculturalpatterns.Theprotectedsocialculturemainlyconsistedofmaterialcultures(e.g.,traditionalcostumesandoldbuildings),spiritualcultures(e.g.,ethnicsongsanddancesandtraditionalfestivals),andsystemcultures(e.g.,managementofwaterresourcesandforests).Thechallengesfacingriceterracesystemscontainedlandscapedestruction,environmentalpollution,lossofbiodiversityanddisappearanceoftraditionalcultures. These challenges were primarily caused by the impacts of modern science and technology, market demands, lowcomparative advantages of traditional agriculture and unscientific industrial development. As to these challenges, manyprotectivemeasuresneedtobeimplemented.Theyweregroupedintothreetypes:reasonableindustrialdevelopment,buildinginstitutionsandprotectivemanagementmechanisms,anddevelopingscientificresearch.Inthefuture,studiesonriceterraceconservation should focus on mechanisms of key terrace issues, case studies, comprehensive subject researches, long-termobservationandindustrialdevelopmentresearches.关键词
稻作梯田/全球重要农业文化遗产/中国重要农业文化遗产/生态与文化景观/山地生态农业/农业生物多样性/农业可持续发展分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
张永勋,闵庆文..稻作梯田农业文化遗产保护研究综述*[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):460-469,10.基金项目
云南省红河州委托项目“云南红河哈尼梯田保护的产业发展支撑研究”和湖南省重点实验室开放基金“聚落文化遗产数字化技术与应用”(JL14K06,CT14K05)资助*ThisstudywasfundedbytheProjectof“StudyofSupportingIndustrialDevelopmentforConservingHongheHaniRiceTerraces,Yunnan”andtheOpenFundProjectof“TechnologyandApplicationofCulturalHeritageDigitalization”(JL14K06,CT14K05). （JL14K06,CT14K05）
