动物营养学报2016，Vol.28Issue(4)：1208-1216,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.04.032
全混合日粮饲喂泌乳奶牛群摄入养分偏离的原因分析及对生产性能的影响
Deviation of Nutrient Intake of Lactating Cow Herds Fed Total Mixed Ration：Reason Analysis and Effects on Production Performance
摘要
Abstract
This experiment analyzed the reason for deviation of nutrient intake of lactating cow herds fed total mixed ration ( TMR) and the effects on production performance. Thirty cow herds with high milk yield were chosen and sampled for 5 days per herd. TMR and refusal feed samples were collected to assess nutrient com-position and particle size distribution, and the coefficients of variation ( CVs) of indexes were calculated. Milk yield was recorded, and milk sample was detected for milk composition. A multiple linear regression analysis between CVs of nutrients/particle sizes and production performance of cow herds was carried out. The results showed as follows: net energy for lactation (NEL) and the contents of crude protein (CP), NDF、ADF, mi-crobial protein ( MCP ) , ruminal undegradable protein ( RUP ) , ruminal balance of energy and nitrogen ( RENB ) , small intestinal digestible protein ( DCPSI ) and calcium ( Ca ) of TMR for 30 cow herds were 6.56 MJ/kg, 16.22%, 35.71%, 21.38%, 77.84 g/kg, 92.15 g/kg, 14.77 g/kg, 104.04 g/kg and 1.43%respectively, among which NDF (1.94%), Ca (0.57%), RUP (5.03 g/kg) and RENB (6.95 g/kg) were higher than formula target values, and CP (-0. 36%) , ADF (-1. 54%) , NEL (-0. 12MJ/kg ) , MCP (-7.71 g/kg) and DCPSI (-2.12 g/kg) were lower than formula target values ( positive value indicate in-crease, and negative value indicate decrease ) . During the observation period, CVs of RUP [ ( 16. 26 ± 7.10)%], MCP [(22.78±13.38)%], RENB [(64.29±34.29)%] were more than 10%, and those of the other nutrients were less than 10%. CVs of long, medium, short and fine particles were (15.78±9.25)%, (9.12±7.86)%, (6.00±4.00)% and (11.15±9.62)%, respectively. The regression analysis showed that var-iation of TMR nutrients and particle sizes affected milk yield and milk composition. Every 1-percentage-point increase in CV of NEL resulted in decreasing of 3.662 kg/d for milk yield. Every 1-percentage-point increase in CV of long particles resulted in decreasing of 0.124 kg/d for milk yield and increasing of 0.012% for milk fat percentage. The results indicate that the reason for difference between TMR nutrient intakes of lactating cows and formula nutrients lies in inaccurate feeding, unstable processing quality, mixing uniformity, and feed sor-ting. The stability of TMR processing quality can affect milk yield and milk composition, among which the var-iation of NEL, DCPSI and RENB affects milk yield, and that of long particles influences both milk yield and milk fat percentage.关键词
全混合日粮/摄入养分偏离/挑食/混合均匀度/生产性能Key words
total mixed ration/deviation of nutrient intake/feed sorting/mixing uniformity/production per-formance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李继伟,林雪彦,王云,胡志勇,刘桂梅,吴志强,王中华..全混合日粮饲喂泌乳奶牛群摄入养分偏离的原因分析及对生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1208-1216,9.基金项目
国家现代农业(奶业)产业技术体系( CARS-37) （奶业）
山东省牛产业技术体系( SDAIT-12-011-06) （ SDAIT-12-011-06）
