中国生态农业学报2016，Vol.24Issue(5)：668-673,6.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.151373
捡拾牦牛粪对高寒草甸植物功能群特征与生产力的影响
Influence of yak dung collection on characteristics and productivity of plant functional group of alpine meadow
摘要
Abstract
In most pastoral areas of the Tibetan Plateau, yak dung is the only life energy source of herdsmen due to inconvenient traffic, energy shortage and life custom. Long term removal of large amount of yak dung from grassland ecosystem changes the amount and area of dung spots which induces nutrition recycle change of grazing grassland. The plant community and biomass of grassland consequently changes and ecological risk rises. To explore the ecological effects of yak dung collection, this paper focused on the characteristics and productivity of plant functional groups under full, half and none yak dung collection treatments in moderate grazing alpine meadow ecosystem in Henan County, Qinghai Province. Plant composition, important values of plant species, vegetation growth and community characteristics of alpine meadow under different dung collection treatments were investigated after three years experiment. The results showed that under yak dung none-collection treatment, grassland productivity was significantly lower than those under half-collection and full-collection treatments, while biodiversity was significantly lower than that under half-collection treatment. The biomass of high quality gramineae forage grass was significantly higher than those under half-collection and full-collection treatments, the biomass of high quality cyperaceae forage grass was significantly higher than that under full-collection treatment. Under yak dung half-collection treatment, biomass was 42.60 g·m-2 with a significant increase of 9.7%compared with non-collection treatment. Vegetation abundance of yak dung half-collection treatment significantly enhanced 31.9%, while high quality forage grasses biomass unchanged compared with non-collection treatment. Under yak dung full-collection treatment, biomass and vegetation abundance significantly increased by 4.1% and 10.7%, respectively, high quality forage grass biomass decreased, meanwhile poisonous weeds biomass increased compared with non-collection treatment. Grass palatability of full-collection treatment got worse. Half or full collection of yok dung reduced the biomass of high quality forage grasses of gramineae and cyperaceae, especially cyperaceae grass biomass reduced by more than 70% under yak dung full-collected treatment. Leguminous grass biomass significantly increased by more than 5 times, while weeds and poisonous weeds biomass accounted for 74%-79%total biomass. It was indicated that moderate collection of yak dung increased vegetation richness and diversity, insured grass palatability, and meantime provided energy resource for herdsman in alpine meadow. The results may provide a principle for yak dung collection and scientific management of moderate grazing alpine meadow ecosystem.关键词
高寒草甸/捡拾牛粪/植物功能群/植物丰富度/生物量Key words
Alpine meadow/Yak dung collection/Plant group/Plant abundance/Biomass分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘丽丽,李希来..捡拾牦牛粪对高寒草甸植物功能群特征与生产力的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(5):668-673,6.基金项目
科技部国际科技合作专项项目(2015DFG31870)、教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13074)、国家自然科学基金项目(41161084)和青海大学中青年科研基金项目(2013-QNT-3)资助 （2015DFG31870）
