土壤Issue(3)：73-79,7.DOI:10.11838/sfsc.20160312
不同施肥量对贵州高产玉米养分吸收、生物性状、产量及品质的影响
Effects of different fertilizer application on nutrient uptake, biological characteristics, yield and quality of maize in Guizhou
摘要
Abstract
A field split plot experiment was conducted in Guizhou yellow soil areas to explore the effects of fertilizing amount and cultivar difference on maize yield, biological traits, nutrient absorption and quality. Results showed that interaction of fer-tilizing amount and cultivars had very significant influence on maize yield. In this study, yield of Jinyu 506 increased firstly and then decreased with the fertilizing amount increasing, which reached the highest 10 229. 3 km/hm2 when the fertilizing a-mount was moderate increasing 15%. Yield of Qiandan 24 decreased with the increasing of fertilizing amount, which reached the highest 9 434. 1 kg/hm2 when the fertilizing amount was at the recommended amount. Yield components of different treat-ments had significant difference. Cultivar and fertilizing amount had significant effects on ear diameter and kernel weight of maize. Thousand-grain weight of the two maize cultivars increased with the increase of fertilizing amount, which increased by 2. 2% ~10. 3% and 3. 2% ~6. 8% respectively. As for biological traits, plant height, ear height and stem diameter of Jinyu 506 were the best with moderate fertilizing amount, which were 308. 5, 130. 4 and 2. 6 cm respectively. Plant height, ear height and stem diameter of Qiandan 24 were the best with recommended fertilization amount, which were 311. 6, 138. 0 and 2. 43 cm respectively. Cultivar and fertilizing amount had significant effects on nutrient uptake of maize plant. Nitrogen, phos-phorus and potassium uptake of Jinyu 506 increased with the increasing of fertilizing amount by 24. 8% ~32. 7%, 44% ~47. 8% and 5. 9% ~45. 6% respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of Qiandan 24 decreased with the in-creasing of fertilizing amount by 3. 8% ~13%, 11. 8% ~23. 5% and 3. 9% ~15% respectively. In quality, fertilizing a-mount and cultivar had certain effects on maize quality, increasing fertilizing amount was beneficial for increasing the content of starch and protein, the content of reducing sugar decreased with the increase of fertilizer application. According to the nutrient requirements of different maize cultivars, scientific and reasonable fertilization was conducive to improve the biological charac-ters, nutrient absorption, and then promoting the improvement of yield and quality of maize.关键词
肥料/玉米产量/养分吸收量/品质Key words
fertilizer/maize yield/nutrient absorption/quality分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
安江勇,肖厚军,秦松,芶久兰,郑常祥,祝云芳,李渝,赵欢,张萌..不同施肥量对贵州高产玉米养分吸收、生物性状、产量及品质的影响[J].土壤,2016,(3):73-79,7.基金项目
贵州省玉米现代农业产业技术体系建设项目( GZ CYTX2013－0702)；贵州省联合基金项目黔科合 LH 字(2014)7706号；贵州省农业资源高效利用技术创新平台建设2012.8中央补助地方能力(2012)4003；贵州山区耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站建设2013.10黔科平台(2013)4002。 （ GZ CYTX2013－0702）
