天文学进展2016，Vol.34Issue(2)：163-180,18.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8349.2016.02.02
正常脉冲星计时噪声的研究进展
Research Progress of Timing Noise of Normal Pulsar
摘要
Abstract
One of the most remarkable features of pulsars is their rotational stability. Through measuring the times of arrival of pulsars, a surprisingly large amount of information can be obtained, such as, providing precise information on rotational slowdown of pulsars, testing the general relativity and gravitational waves, detecting exoplanets, determining fun-damental parameters of binary systems, and also providing time standard with stabilities comparable to that of the best atomic clocks. The angular momentum of an isolated pulsar only changes through the braking torque of the magnetic dipole radiation; therefore, the effect on the pulse times of arrival would be usually predictable and smooth. However, two interesting irregularities in pulsar rotation have been observed. The first kind is ‘glitches’ which sudden increases in their rotation rates followed by a period of relaxation. Glitches occur more frequently in younger pulsars, but have also been observed in millisecond pulsars. The other behavior is known as ‘timing noise’, which is a continuous but erratic behaviour relative to a simple slow down model and consists of low-frequency structures. The pulsars have large period derivatives generally show more prominent timing noise. A more complete understanding of pulsar timing noise will provide us an insight into the interior structure of neutron stars. In this paper, the pulsar spin-down model is reviewed and analyzed. An overview of observational progress of timing noise of pulsars in recent years is provided, in light that many observatories worldwide have been developed and operated. On the basis of existing observation data, some problems of classification of timing noise and observational braking index, which can not be explained by the simple spin-down model, are discussed in detail. Moreover, many models for timing noise are introduced, including physical and phenomenological models. In the last, further developments and prospects in this area are also outlooked.关键词
脉冲星/计时噪声/跃变Key words
pulsars/timing noise/glitches分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
高旭东,张双南,付建宁..正常脉冲星计时噪声的研究进展[J].天文学进展,2016,34(2):163-180,18.基金项目
973项目(2014CB845802,2014CB845700,2013CB834900)；国家自然科学基金(11133002,11373036)；国家千人计划启动基金(292012312D1117210)；中国科学院战略先导专项(XDB09000000)；国家自然科学基金委员会和中国科学院天文联合基金重点项目(U1231202) （2014CB845802,2014CB845700,2013CB834900）
