中国生态农业学报2016，Vol.24Issue(6)：704-715,12.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160261
不同耕作措施下小麦-玉米轮作农田温室气体交换及其综合增温潜势
Greenhouse gas exchange and comprehensive global warming potential under different wheat-maize rotation patterns
摘要
Abstract
Studies on the emissions of greenhouse gases and global warming potential (GWP) under different tillage systems have benefited scientific research on the effects of agricultural management on mitigating greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming. Such studies have also laid the theoretical basis for establishing measures to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. Long term tillage and straw return to soil experiments were set up in 2001 at the Luancheng Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station (LAES) of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experiments included 5 treatments — no-tillage with whole maize residue mulching (M1), no-tillage with chopped maize residue mulching (M2), rotary tillage with chopped maize residue incorporation (X), mouldboard ploughing with chopped maize residue incorporation (F) and mouldboard ploughing with maize residue remove (CK, representing conventional tillage method). The experiment monitored N2O, CO2 and CH4 fluxes in wheat-maize rotation fields using the static chamber method / gas chromatography technique for the period from October 2008 to September 2010. Total greenhouse gas emissions and GWP were also estimated. Meanwhile, during the experimental period, the amount of fuel consumed by farm machines and power consumed during irrigation and fertilizer application were recorded and transformed to carbon equivalent using a transformation coefficient. In the study, crop yield and aboveground biomasses were measured and carbon sequestration calculated. The total GWP under the 5 tillage treatments were estimated based on the identified parameters of greenhouse effect. The results indicated that wheat-maize rotation fields served as the source of N2O and CO2, and also the sink of CH4. In M1, M2, X, F and CK treatments, total N2O emissions from soil were 2.06 kg(N2O-N)·hm-2·a-1, 2.28 kg(N2O-N)·hm-2·a-1, 2.54 kg(N2O-N)·hm-2·a-1, 3.87 kg(N2O-N)·hm-2·a-1 and 2.29 kg(N2O-N)·hm-2·a-1; total CO2 emissions from soil of 6904 kg(CO2-C)·hm-2·a-1, 7351 kg(CO2-C)·hm-2·a-1, 8873 kg(CO2-C)·hm-2·a-1, 9065 kg(CO2-C)·hm-2·a-1 and 7425 kg(CO2-C)·hm-2·a-1; and total CH4 sink of 2.50 kg(CH4-C)·hm-2·a-1, 1.77 kg(CH4-C)·hm-2·a-1, 1.33 kg(CH4-C)·hm-2·a-1, 1.38 kg(CH4-C)·hm-2·a-1 and 1.57 kg(CH4-C)·hm-2·a-1, respectively. GWPs in M1 and M2 treatments were negative, which indicated that farmland ecosystems under no-tillage with straw served as carbon sink, with annual carbon retention of 947–1070 kg(C)·hm-2after subtracting directly or indirectly carbon equivalent emitted from the system. GWPs for other treatments were positive, with GWPs for CK, F and X of 3364 kg(C).hm-2, 989 kg(C).hm-2 and 343 kg(C).hm-2, respectively. This suggested that for wheat-maize rotation system in the North China, chopped crop residue incorporation with rotary tillage was optimal tillage practice with relatively lower greenhouse effects and higher grain yield.关键词
耕作措施/秸秆还田/温室气体/温室效应/增温潜势/小麦–玉米轮作系统Key words
Tillage measure/Straw return/Greenhouse gas/Greenhouse effect/Global warming potential/Wheat-maize rotation system分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
闫翠萍,张玉铭,胡春胜,董文旭,王玉英,李晓欣,秦树平..不同耕作措施下小麦-玉米轮作农田温室气体交换及其综合增温潜势[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(6):704-715,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41571291)、国家自然科学基金重点项目(41530859)、中国科学院科技服务网络计划(KFJ-EW-STS-055-2, KFJ-SW-STS-142)和国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B00)资助 This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41571291, 41530859), the Science and Technology Service Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KFJ-EW-STS-055-2, KFJ-SW-STS-142) and the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China (2013BAD05B00). （41571291）
