作物学报2016，Vol.42Issue(6)：873-885,13.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00873
不同覆盖方式和施氮量对糜子光合特性及产量性状的影响
Effects of Mulching and Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Characteris-tics and Yield Traits in Broomcorn Millet
摘要
Abstract
To reveal the mechanism of effects of mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on yield of broomcorn millet, we employed a split-plot design in variety Yumi 2 with mulching as main plot and nitrogen rates as subplot. In a three-year field experiment from 2011 to 2013, we investigated and related the variation of photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits indices under different mulching patterns and nitrogen rates. The results showed that compared with traditional planting (no mulching and no nitrogen), all mulching patterns and nitrogen fertilizer treatments could significantly increase chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), and decrease intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of flag leaves from flowering to maturity in broomcorn millet, among which“W”ridge covered with common plastic film+intredune covered with straw (M4) and 180 kg ha–1 of nitrogen rate (N4) caused the most significant improvement on photosynthesis. All mulching pat-terns and nitrogen fertilizer treatments could significantly improve dry matter accumulation and allocation amount at flowering and maturity stages. In addition, the mulching and nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly reduced pre-flowering reserves translocation and contribution to grain, but increased post-flowering assimilates allocation and contribution to grain. Mulching could significantly improve the grain yield, thousand grain weight, panicle grain number and panicle length of broomcorn millet, and M4 treatment showed the greatest improvement. With the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer rates, broomcorn millet grain yield and thousand grain weight increased at first and declined then, but panicle grain number and panicle length constantly increased. The best rate of nitrogen fertilizer applied in Loess Plateau was between 135 and 145 kg ha–1. Therefore, the combination of“W”ridge covered with common plastic film+intredune covered with straw and nitrogen rate from 135 to 145 kg ha–1 could be con-sidered as the most efficient cultivation measure to broomcorn millet in Loess Plateau.关键词
糜子/覆盖/氮肥/光合特性/干物质/产量Key words
Broomcorn millet/Mulching/Nitrogen fertilizer/Photosynthetic characteristic/Dry matter/Yield引用本文复制引用
周瑜,苏旺,王舰,屈洋,高小丽,杨璞,冯佰利..不同覆盖方式和施氮量对糜子光合特性及产量性状的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(6):873-885,13.基金项目
本研究由国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD07B03),国家自然科学基金项目(31371529),国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-12.5-A9)和陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系资助。The study was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2014BAD07B03), the Natural Science Foundation of China (31371529), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-07-12.5-A9), and the Shaanxi Provincial Agro-industry Technology Re-search System of Shaanxi Province （2014BAD07B03）
