农业资源与环境学报2016，Vol.35Issue(6)：1119-1128,10.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2016.06.014
不同施肥与间套绿肥对果园水热特征及硝态氮累积的影响
Effects of different fertilizer treatments combined with green manure intercropping on water and thermal properties and nitrate accumulation in soils of apple orchard
摘要
Abstract
Soil water and nutrients are two major factors limiting apple production in the Loess Plateau region in China. A 3-year field ex-periment was conducted from 2012—2015 in Tian Jia Wa village, Baishui county, Shaanxi Province, to evaluate the effects of different fertil-izer treatments combined with green manure intercropping on soil water and thermal properties and nitrate accumulation in apple orchards. There were three treatments:Farmer management pattern(FM)—nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers only(NPK);Extension man-agement pattern(EM)—NPK fertilizers combined with swine manure(NPKM)and polyethylene black plastic film mulch(beside the tree trunks);Optimized management pattern(OM)—NPKM, polyethylene black plastic film mulch(beside the tree trunks)and rape intercrop-ping. Results showed that soil water storage in OM treatment was 14.6%and 6.1%higher than that in FM and EM, respectively. OM alleviat-ed the temporal fluctuation of soil moisture in 0~60 cm soil depth and enhance the temporal stability of soil moisture in the layer, and ef-fectively mitigated the soil desiccation in 140~300 cm soil depth. Additionally, OM also decreased the vertical variation of soil moisture in the soil profile and improved the stability of the vertical soil moisture distribution, as compared with FM and EM. In OM treatments, apple yields was increased by 20.1%and 33.6%, respectively, compared with EM and FM. The water use efficiency was highest in OM, and was 42.6%and 28.9%higher than in FM and EM . However, OM reduced the highest soil temperature, buffered different-time temperature vari-ability, increased soil thermal capacity, as compared with EM and FM. Nevertheless, OM increased NO-3-N content in 0~120 cm soil depth by 342.3 kg·hm-2 and 178.4 kg·hm-2 ,but decreased NO-3-N accumulation in 120~300 cm soil profile by 556.5 kg·hm-2 and 30.0 kg·hm-2, in comparison with FM and EM, respectively. Therefore, OM significantly improved the thermal conditions of soil, reduced the nitrate accu-mulation in deep soil, and is the best orchard management pattern for alleviating water and temperature stresses, improving the ecological environment of apple orchards and enhancing apple yields in dry land apple orchards.关键词
苹果园/有机肥/二元覆盖/土壤水分/温度/硝态氮累积量Key words
apple/manure/dual mulching/soil water/temperature/nitrate accumulation分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
温美娟,郑伟,赵志远,王贵,翟丙年,王朝辉..不同施肥与间套绿肥对果园水热特征及硝态氮累积的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,35(6):1119-1128,10.基金项目
公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303104，201103005-9）；陕西省农业科技创新转化项目（NYKJ-2015-17）；杨凌示范区农业科技示范推广能力提升项目（2015-TS-18）；西北农林科技大学试验示范基地科技成果推广项目 （）
