中国生态农业学报2016，Vol.24Issue(8)：1016-1024,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160108
咸水结冰灌溉改良盐碱地的研究进展及展望
Advances and expectations of researches on saline soil reclamation by freezing saline water irrigation
摘要
Abstract
The use of freezing saline water to irrigate saline lands has proven an effective method of using highly saline water and reclaiming saline lands in coastal regions. The method was based on the basic principle of desalination during melting of frozen saline water in combination with soil water and salt movement characteristics and crop growth pattern in coastal region. In winter, the saline groundwater was pumped and irrigated saline farmlands. The low air temperature forced the irrigated saline water on the top soil to freeze into saline ice. With increasing air temperature in spring, water of high salt concentration melted firstly and infiltrated into the soil, and the slightly saline melting water and freshwater infiltrated into the soil late and effectively facilitated leaching of soil salt. From the above process, freezing saline water irrigation induced soil salt leaching in spring, the period of soil salt accumulation. This, in combination with mulching in spring to control soil salt concentration and rainfall leaching in summer, lowed soil salt content to levels conducive for normal crop growth throughout the growth stages of the crops and plants. The natural characteristics of soil water and salt movement were modified by freezing saline water irrigation, which changed soil salt accumulation into soil salt leaching in spring after irrigation. Thus the remaining soil salinity in the root zone effectively decreased from 12 g·kg-1 to 4 g·kg-1 and the rate of salt leaching exceeded 66%. This facilitated the cultivation of crops including cotton, oil-sunflower and sugar beet in saline coastal regions of the Bohai Sea, and increased the survival rates ofTamarix ramosissima, Lycium barbarumand Fraxinus chinensistransplanted seedlings in the region. After first year freezing saline water irrigation, the yields of seed cotton, oil-sunflower and sugar beet were 3 t×hm-2, 1.5 t×hm-2 and 60 t×hm-2, respectively. Cutting and transplanted seedling survival rates of halophytes and salt-tolerant plants exceeded 90%. Freezing saline water irrigation promoted saline soil exploiting, agricultural development and ecological envi-ronmental construction. Through systematic researches in recent years, the separation process of saline water and freshwater was clarified in the process of saline water freezing and thawing. The effects of freezing saline water irrigation on soil salt leaching were explicated, and the indexes system of irrigation time, irrigation amount and water quality of freezing saline water irrigation was established. Based on the above researches, this paper summarized the advances in researches on saline soil reclamation and saline water use, and introduced the freezing saline water irrigation strategy which enhanced leaching of soil salt. The paper further systematically analyzed the effect of freezing saline water irrigation on agricultural produc-tion, vegetation recovery and saline water utilization in saline soil regions, and the development trend of freezing saline water irrigation.关键词
盐碱地改良/咸水利用/咸水结冰灌溉/植被恢复/盐分淋洗Key words
Saline soil reclamation/Saline water utilization/Freezing saline water irrigation/Vegetation restoration/Soil salt leaching分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
郭凯,巨兆强,封晓辉,李晓光,刘小京..咸水结冰灌溉改良盐碱地的研究进展及展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(8):1016-1024,9.基金项目
中国科学院科技服务网络计划(KFJ-EW-STS-057)和国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B02,2013BAD05B05)资助 （KFJ-EW-STS-057）
