海洋科学2016，Vol.40Issue(7)：60-72,13.DOI:10.1759//hykx20141224002
1985~1986年长江口生态系统能流网络分析
Energy flow and network analysis of the Yangtze Estuary ecosystem during 1985-1986
摘要
Abstract
The term ‘energy flow’ expresses the substantial relationship between organisms and their connection with the environment. It reflects the productivity level, structure, and function of a particular ecosystem. In this research, based on a comprehensive marine survey conducted during 1985-1986, we developed a mass-balance model for Yangtze Estuary to analyze the energy flow of this ecosystem. Using the Ecopath model, we evaluated the overall characteristics of the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent waters ecosystem. Ecosystem organisms were divided into sixteen functional groups. The Pedigree Index of the Ecopath model was 0.685, indicating that the quality of the model data was acceptable. Sensitivity analysis showed that changes in input parameters may influence the output parameters more significantly in some functional groups than in others. The Ecopath model suggested that during 1985-1986 the trophic level of functional groups ranged from 1 to 4.52, with pelagic nekton-feeding fish occupying the highest trophic level. The trophic level of macroinvertebrates, including shrimps, crabs, and cepha-lopods was approximately 3. Mixed trophic impact analysis suggested a direct or indirect relationship between functional groups, including the direction and degree of its influence. The impact was mainly caused by control type, niche overlap, and trophic cascades. Trophic aggregation analysis showed that the ecosystem was dominated by the grazing food chain. A linear food chain was derived from the mixed trophic network with a mean transfer efficiency of 12.4%, 12.9% from detritus and 12% from primary producers within the ecosystem. During this period, the total system throughput was 5020.886 t/(km2·a). The sums of all consumption, all detritus flows, all respiratory flows, and all exports were 35.8%, 28.2%, 20.9%, and 15.1%, respectively. The evaluation of the ecosystem structure and function showed that the connectance index and system omnivory index were 0.471 and 0.103, respectively. The Finn cycling index and mean path length were 9.35% and 2.778, respectively, and the ratio of total primary produc-tion to total respiration was 1.724. The mean trophic level of the catch was 3.475 in the Yangtze Estuary and adja-cent waters ecosystem during 1985-1986. This provides a background value for exploring the impact of fisheries on the ecosystem in the coming decades.关键词
长江口/能量流动/网络分析/生态通道模型Key words
Yangtze Estuary/energy flow/network analysis/ecopath model分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
张效嘉,线薇微..1985~1986年长江口生态系统能流网络分析[J].海洋科学,2016,40(7):60-72,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(41176138号和31272663号) （41176138号和31272663号）
国家基金委-山东省联合基金资助项目( U1406403) （ U1406403）
国务院三峡工程建设委员会项目(JJ 2012-2013号)@@@@National Natural Science Foundation of China , No.41146138, No.31272663 （JJ 2012-2013号）
NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Ecology and Envi-ronmental Sciences, No. U1406403 （）
Program of State Council Three Gorges Project Construction Committee, No. JJ 2012-2013 （）
