农业现代化研究2016，Vol.37Issue(5)：885-891,7.DOI:10.13872/j.1000-0275.2016.0041
湖南省农作物化肥使用量零增长行动策略--基于矿质营养与有机营养并重使用的分析
The zero-growth action strategy for fertilizer applications in croplands in Hunan Province：A combined analysis of mineral nutrition and organic nutrition
摘要
Abstract
Based on the current status and the reduction challenge of the chemical fertilizer applications in Hunan Province, we propose a general framework to balance the mineral nutrition and the organic nutrition to meet the demand of reducing the fertilizer applications and increasing the nutrient use efifciencies. There are a number of issues related to chemical fertilizer applications in crop production in Hunan Province, including the out-of-date concept of fertilization with less concerns of economy and environment, the high application rates of fertilizers with low fertilizer use efficiency, the unbalanced compositions of fertilization with low organic fertilizer applications, and the out-of-date fertilization methods with unmatched resource utilization of soil, water and fertilizer. It is imperative to reduce the application amounts of fertilizers because of the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the current fertilization scheme. The new initiative of soil testing and formula fertilization has been implemented for 10 years so that the zero-growth of chemical fertilizer application is realized in 52 counties in Hunan Province in 2013. The results from large-scale comparisons at a number of monitoring sites showed that green manure and straw return can not only improve the soil quality but also decrease the chemical fertilizer utilization by 10% and furthermore increase crop yields by 4.24%-6.69%. Therefore, the technology integration and demonstration of precision agriculture, optimization of structure, organic fertilizer substitution and improvement of soil fertility are proposed to reduce chemical fertilizer applications and to increase fertilizer use efifciency in the Hunan Province. In Hunan Province, six key technologies and measures are proposed to achieve the goal of the overall negative-growth of fertilizer applications by 2020 (including the zero-growth in the Xiangjiang River and Dongting Lake region at the ifrst stage, the slow-growth in the Xiangxi region and the zero-growth in other regions): soil testing and formula fertilization, green manure, straw return, and integration of water and fertilizers, and resource utilization of livestock feces. Accordingly, a number of supportive measures are proposed as well, such as the enhanced organization, the strengthened technology support, the increased funding invest and the improved policy engagement.关键词
农作物/矿质营养/有机营养/化肥使用量/零增长Key words
crop/mineral nutrition/organic nutrition/chemical fertilizer utilization/zero-growth分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
黄铁平,吴远帆,何宝生,钟建中,李志明..湖南省农作物化肥使用量零增长行动策略--基于矿质营养与有机营养并重使用的分析[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(5):885-891,7.基金项目
中央财政测土配方施肥补贴项目。@@@@Central Financial Subsidy Program of China （）
