作物学报2016，Vol.42Issue(11)：1677-1688,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01677
减氮适墒提高冬小麦旗叶光合潜力和籽粒产量
Nitrogen-Reducing and Suitable Soil Moisture Enhance Photosynthetic Poten-tial of Flag Leaf and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat
摘要
Abstract
This study aimed at seeking a possibility of reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer input on getting high yield in wheat (Triti-cum aestivumL.) production in Huang-Huai Rivers Valley region. A field experiment was carried out with treatments of three soil moistures and three N application levels, to measure light-response curve parameters of flag leaf, water use efficiency and yield-component traits in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. The soil moisture treatments included no irrigation (W1), medium irrigation to 70%± 5% of soil relative moisture after jointing stage (W2), and well-irrigation to 80% ± 5% of soil relative moisture after jointing stage (W3). The N application rates were 0 (N1), 195 (N2), and 270 kg ha-1 (N3). Under W1 and W2 conditions, N2 treatment showed greater increases in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpira-tion rate (Tr) of flag leaf and greater reduction rate of intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) than N1 and N3 treatments. Under W3 treatments, N2 and N3 treatments had similar changing trend of light response curves. N2W2 was the most superior treatment in photosynthesis at anthesis stage, with the maximumPn of 33.20μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and the light saturation point (LSP) of 1507.4μmol m-2 s-1, which were 21.4% and 9.5% higher than these averages of other treatments, respectively. In addition, N2W2 showed the lowest light compensation point, indicating its high photosynthetic potential. As a result, N2W2 had the largest kernal number and the highest thousand-grain weight across two years, with significant difference than other treatments (P < 0.01). The grain yield of N2W2 was more than 9500 kg ha-1, and the water use efficiency was 18.8% higher than that of other treatments under W2 and W3 conditions. These results suggest that reducing N application from 270 to 195 kg ha-1 under suitable soil mois- ture (medium irrigation) may increase wheat yield by enhancing the photosynthetic potential of flag leaf, which is a good man-agement of irrigation and fertilizer for high yield and high N use efficiency in Huang-Huai Rivers Valley wheat region.关键词
减氮适墒/小麦/旗叶/光响应曲线/产量Key words
Nitrogen-reducing and suitable soil moisture/Winter wheat/Flag leaves/Light-response curves/Grain yield引用本文复制引用
周苏玫,张珂珂,张嫚,李磊,张春丽,尹钧,贺德先..减氮适墒提高冬小麦旗叶光合潜力和籽粒产量[J].作物学报,2016,42(11):1677-1688,12.基金项目
本研究由国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B07,2015BAD26B01)资助。 This study was supported by the National Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAD16B07,2015BAD26B01) （2011BAD16B07,2015BAD26B01）
