作物学报2016，Vol.42Issue(11)：1689-1699,11.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01689
玉米秸秆还田方式和氮肥处理对土壤理化性质及冬小麦产量的影响
Effect of Returning Methods of Maize Straw and Nitrogen Treatments on Soil Physicochemical Property and Yield of Winter Wheat
摘要
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand the effect of continuous rotary tillage on soil tilth and wheat yield under straw-return and non-straw return conditions. A three-year field experiment from October 2012 to June 2015 was conducted with three tillage patterns (three-year rotary tillage without maize straw return, RT; three-year rotary tillage with maize straw return, RTS; and two-year rotary tillage plus one-year deep tillage with maize straw returning, RTS-DTS) and four nitrogen application levels (165 kg ha–1, N165; 225 kg ha–1, N225; 300 kg ha–1, N300; 360 kg ha–1, N360). Compared with rotary tillage, deep tillage facilitated decomposition of the maize straw and high N level accelerated the decomposition speed. Under non-straw-return con-dition, continuous rotary tillage reduced the organic matter content in 0–30 cm soil layer, leading to increased bulk density and decreased soil porosity. Under straw-return condition, continuous rotary tillage increased the organic matter content in 0–10 cm soil layer and soil porosity and decreased bulk density. Moreover, RTS-DTS showed positive effects on tilth soil structure. For example, compared with RTS, RTS-DTS had the effect on increasing organic matter content in 10–30 cm soil layer, decreasing bulk density in 0–20 cm soil layer, and increasing the total porosity in 0–20 cm soil layer and capillary porosity in 10–30 cm soil layer. Three-year rotary tillage resulted in yield decline of wheat, particularly under non-straw return condition. Grain yield of RT in the third year was 5.0%–8.7% more than that in the first year. Although the yield of RTS was 7.3%–8.9% higher than that of RT, it also showed obvious decline in the third year. Compared with RTS, RTS-DTS showed great improvement in yield and yield components, with the increase of 14.5% in spike number, 5.7% in grain number per spike, and 7.6% in final yield. Under maize straw return condition, soil physical property was improved with the increase of N level. However, the final yield in treatments of N225, N300, and N360 was not significantly different. Our results suggest that RTS-DTS plus maize straw return with N applica-tion rate of 225 kg ha-1 is a high-yield and high-efficient cultivation pattern in Shandong province.关键词
耕作模式/秸秆还田/氮肥/产量Key words
Tillage practices/Straw returning/Nitrogen fertilizer/Yield引用本文复制引用
庞党伟,陈金,唐玉海,尹燕枰,杨东清,崔正勇,郑孟静,李勇,王振林..玉米秸秆还田方式和氮肥处理对土壤理化性质及冬小麦产量的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(11):1689-1699,11.基金项目
本研究由国家自然科学(31271661,31271667,30871477),国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150404),国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2012BAD04B05),国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203100,201203029)和山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J14LF12)资助。 This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271661,31271667,30871477), the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404), the National Technology Engineering Program for Food Crops Production (2012BAD04B05), the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203100,201203029), and the Higher Educational Science and Technol-ogy Program of Shandong Province (J14LF12) （31271661,31271667,30871477）
