植物营养与肥料学报2016，Vol.22Issue(5)：1167-1176,10.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.15317
氮肥运筹对机插双季稻产量、氮肥利用率及经济效益的影响
Effects of nitrogen application on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit of double-cropping rice by mechanical transplanting
摘要
Abstract
Objectives]Machine-transplanted seedling has become one of the important ways for decreasing labor cost in rice cultivation. Studying the optimized N application is crucial for achieving high N use efficiency and stable and high yield of double-cropping rice.[Methods]Field experiments were conducted on a double-cropping rice using mechanical transplanting. Under the same nitrogen application rate and with no- nitrogen fertilizer as control (CK), six ratios of N fertilizer amount in basal: tillering: earring were designed as: 8 : 2 : 0 (N8 : 2 : 0), 7 : 2 : 1 (N7 : 2 : 1), 6 : 2 : 2 (N6 : 2 : 2), 5 : 2 : 3 (N5 : 2 : 3), 4 : 2 : 4 (N4 : 2 : 4), 3 : 2 : 5 (N3 : 2 : 5). The rice yield, and N absorption and use efficiency were investigated, the relationships among them were discussed.[Results]With the N ratio of basal: tillering: panicle of 6 : 2 : 2 for early rice, and 5 : 2 : 3 for late rice, the rice had more reasonable population structure, higher effective panicle number, more grain number per panicle, higher seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight, and the optimal coordination of each factor. The N ratio in panicle fertilizer had a significantly negative correlation with the effective panicle number, but a positive correlation with the grain number per panicle, and had a parabolic relation with the seed-setting rate. For early and late rice, the N contents of both grain and straw and N accumulation amount in all N fertilizer treatments increased compared with those of CK treatment, where in the N contents of both grain and straw took on a rising trend with the increase of panicle fertilizer proportion, while the N accumulation amount first went up and then dropped down. Whether machine-transplanted early rice (N 180 kg/hm2) or late rice (N 195 kg/hm2), along with the increase of panicle fertilizer proportion, nitrogen contribution rate (NCR), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN) and economic benefit all increased first and then decreased, each reaching up to a maximum for early rice in the N6∶2∶2treatment and for late rice in the N5∶2∶3treatment, respectively. However, the physiological nitrogen efficiency (NPE) went down for early and late rice with the increase of panicle fertilizer proportion.[Conclusions]Under the same amounts of total N application and allocated proportion for tillering fertilizer, the N ratio of basal to tillering to panicle fertilizer N of 6 : 2 : 2 for early rice and 5 : 2 : 3 for late rice contributed to high yield of rice and high N utilization efficiency, and could be used as an ideal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application.关键词
氮肥运筹/机插/双季稻/产量/氮肥利用率/经济效益Key words
nitrogen application/machine-transplanted/double-cropping rice/yield/nitrogen use efficiency/economic benefit分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王秀斌,徐新朋,孙静文,梁国庆,刘光荣,周卫..氮肥运筹对机插双季稻产量、氮肥利用率及经济效益的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1167-1176,10.基金项目
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-01-31）；国家重点基础研究发展计划（2013CB127405）资助。 （）
