中国水产科学2016，Vol.23Issue(6)：1399-1416,18.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1118.2016.16038
夏季台湾海峡北部及邻近海域鱼类群落结构及环境解释
Fish assemblages and environmental interpretation in the northern Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters in summer
摘要
Abstract
The Taiwan Strait, located between the South China Sea and the East China Sea, is an important channel for migratory fishes between the two waters, and therefore has a unique and high diversity of fish species due to its spatial marine environment. However, the rapid development of coastal aquaculture and excessive exploitation of natural resources has resulted in habitat degradation, and the ecosystem has been reverting to a low stage of de-velopment. Understanding the relationships between environmental factors and fish assemblages is thus essential for sustainable exploitation of fish resources. In this paper, fish species composition, dominant species, fauna characteristics, species diversity and spatial distribution in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters were studied using data collected from bottom trawl surveys in summer(July) 2014. We also identified the spatial structures of fish assemblages and their relationships with environmental variables. In total, 84 fish species were captured in the survey, belonging to 69 genera, 48 families and 16 orders; these were mainly composed of warm-water, continen-tal shelf demersal fish and continental shelf reef-associated fishes. The primary dominant species wereTrichiurus japonicas andBenthosema pterotum with an average biomass of 33.84 kg/h and 31.56 kg/h, respectively. Cumula-tive biomass accounted for 46.92% of total fish biomass, and the regression contribution of the biomass to total biomass was 0.30 and 0.62, respectively. High biomass of the dominant species was mainly distributed in the off-shore waters of the northern Taiwan Strait, an obvious overlapping of ecological spatial niche. According to hier-archical cluster analysis,fish assemblages were classified into two groups: a coastal community dominated by coastal species such asHarpodon nehereus,Setipnna taty andIlisha elongata; and a widespread community dominated by species such asTrichiurus japonicas,Tentoriceps cristatus,Benthosema pterotum,Trachurus ja-ponicas,Psenopsis anomala andBregmaceros mcclellandi. Diversity analysis showed that the Shannon–Wiener diversity indexH¢ranged between 0.22 and 2.31 with a mean of 1.44; the Pielou evenness indexJ ranged from 0.11 to 0.72 with a mean of 0.51; and the Margalef species richness indexS ranged from 0.36 to 4.04 with a mean of 1.59. Significant linear negative correlation existed between the Margalef species richness index and total bio-mass. A positive correlation with water depth was also found, which indicated that the Margalef species richness index rose with depth, but decreased as biomass increased. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that the main environmental factors affecting the spatial patterns of the fish assemblage in summer were bottom water sa-linity, inorganic nitrogen, temperature and temperature difference between surface layer and bottom layer. How-ever, the main environmental factors affecting the spatial patterns of the dominant fish assemblage were bottom water salinity, temperature and inorganic nitrogen.关键词
台湾海峡/底拖网/鱼类群落/生物量分布/典范对应分析Key words
Taiwan Strait/bottom trawl/fish assemblages/biomass distribution/canonical correspondence analysis分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘尊雷,杨林林,严利平,袁兴伟,程家骅..夏季台湾海峡北部及邻近海域鱼类群落结构及环境解释[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(6):1399-1416,18.基金项目
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303047) （农业）
农业部财政专项 （）
