农业工程学报2016，Vol.32Issue(23)：116-122,7.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.23.016
优化灌溉制度提高苜蓿种植当年产量及品质
Optimal irrigation regime improving yield and quality of alfalfa in year of sowing
摘要
Abstract
In this study, the effects of irrigation quota and its distribution on production performance and water use efficiency of alfalfa in the year of sowing were investigated. Drip irrigation quota treatments included 3 750 (W1), 4 500 (W2) and 5 250 m3/hm2 (W3), respectively. Under the irrigation quota of 4 500 m3/hm2, irrigation quota were distributed with 3 different modes: 1) 35% of the total irrigation amount before mowing and 65% of the total amount irrigation water after mowing (Q1); 2) 50% of the total before mowing and 50% of the total after mowing (Q2); 3) 65% of the total of the total before mowing and 35% of the total after mowing (Q3). The irrigation was conducted about 8-10 d before mowing and about 5-6 d after mowing. The experiment was conducted in Experimental Station of Shihezi University in 2014 and Demonstration Plot of Tianye Group in 2015. Measurements included plant height, hay yield, leave-stem ratio, stem diameter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber. In addition, water use efficiency was calculated based on evapotranspiration. The results showed that the plant height, leave-stem ratio, stem diameter increased with irrigation. There was significant difference between W3 and W2 treatments (P<0.05). Under the W2 treatment, the Q1treatment could promote the growth of alfafa, showing high plant height, leave-stem ratio, stem diameter, and growth rate. The hay yield was the highest in the W3 treatment, and lowest in the W1treatment, and the highest in the Q1. It suggested that the large irrigation before mowing and the small irrigation after mowing did not facilitate the hay production. The water use efficiency decreased with the increase of irrigation quota. The water use efficiency of W3 was significantly lower than that of W1(P<0.05). The Q1 treatment had significantly higher water use efficiency than the Q3(P<0.05). The acid and neutral detergent fibers in the W3 were significantly higher than those in the W1and W2(P<0.05). Those in the Q3 were significantly higher than that in the Q1(P<0.05). The crude protein in the Q1 was higher than that in the Q3(P<0.05). Thus, the Q1 treatment could increase the crude protein but lower the acid and neutral detergent fiber contents. In sum, the suitable irrigation amount (4500 m3/hm2) was conducive to increase the hay yield of alfalfa in the year of sowing and maintain high crude protein content and low acid and neutral detergent fiber content. Under the irrigation quota of 4500 m3/hm2, the hey yield of Q1treatment could be as high as 9 916-10 172 kg/hm2, and the WUE of Q1treatment was 3.31-3.9 kg/(mm·hm2). Thus, the irrigation with 35% of the total of the same stubble before mowing and 65% of the total of the same stubble after mowing was conducive to increasing the hay yield and improving the nutritional quality of alfalfa in the year of sowing.关键词
灌溉/生物量/质量分析/苜蓿/生产性能/水分利用效率/生长第一年Key words
irrigation/biomass/quality analysis/alfalfa/production performance/water use efficiency/first growth year分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张前兵,于磊,鲁为华,马春晖,和海秀..优化灌溉制度提高苜蓿种植当年产量及品质[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(23):116-122,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目（31660693）；石河子大学高层次人才科研启动资金专项（ RCZX201301）；石河子大学优秀青年科技人才项目（2013ZRKXYQ01）；国家牧草产业技术体系项目（CARS-35）资助 （）
