中国人口·资源与环境2016，Vol.26Issue(11)：10-18,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2016.11.002
环境治理的社会规范路径
On the social norm approach of environmental governance
摘要
Abstract
The root of environmental problems is human behavior, thus guiding individuals to behave environmental friendly is the basic idea of environmental governance.Environmental social norms having an important impact on environmental behavior are an important path of environmental governance.On the basis of describing the types of social norms and their mechanism of function, with reference to the environmental social norm activation theories, this study clarifies influential factors of activation of social norms and the basic mechanism how environmental social norms affect environmental behavior, and analyses existing obstacles of environmental social norms activation in China, and proposes some measures that the government should take in the course of environment management by promoting the activation of environmental social norms.The conclusion of this study showed that the activation level of the whole environmental social norms determines the influence which environmental social norms exert on environmental behaviors, and that the activation level of the whole environmental social norms depends on the mutual influence of the activation level of environmental descriptive norms, environmental injunctive norms and environmental personal norms and external constraint conditions.Due to the restriction of objective material conditions of social life, there are some obstacles for the activation of environmental social norms in China, resulting in the fact that the activation of environmental social norms stays at a lower level.Those main obstacles include the great reverse effect of environmental negative descriptive norms, the lower activation level of environmental personal norms and the bold external constraint factors such as the cost of behavior, technical barrier of behavior and the convenience of behavior.The proposal here is that relevant government departments can take positive measures to achieve the goal of environmental governance by improving the activation level of environmental social norms.The relevant government departments can improve the activation level of environmental descriptive norms through the transferring of descriptive normative information.In the process of environmental publicity and education, the activation level of environmental personal norms can be improved through the establishment of ecological value, the clear cognition about adverse consequences of environmental pollution behavior and the correct attribution to avoiding environmental adverse consequences.By reducing the difficulty and cost of compliance with environmental social norms, the external restrictive factors for the activation of environmental social norms can be eliminated.Through improving environmental legislation and strengthening the implementation of environmental law, the activation level of environmental descriptive norms, environmental injunctive norms and environmental personal norms can be effectively improved, so that the activation level of the whole environmental social norms can be improved.关键词
环境治理/社会规范/规范激活Key words
environmental governance/social norm/activation of norms分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
张福德..环境治理的社会规范路径[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(11):10-18,9.基金项目
国家社会科学基金项目"环境法实施效率研究"(批准号:13BFX130). （批准号:13BFX130）
