植物营养与肥料学报2016，Vol.22Issue(6)：1449-1457,9.
不同氮肥缓释化处理对夏玉米田间氨挥发和氮素利用的影响
Comparison of several slow-released nitrogen fertilizers in ammonia volatilization and nitrogen utilization in summer maize field
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Slow-release processing technologies have been used in urea production to reduce ammonia volatilization and de-nitrification of nitrate in soil, so to improve crop N uptake and eventually improve nitrogen utilization. Here the ammonia volatilization characteristics of different control-released urea were compared to provide references for their practical application.[Methods]Ain-situ field experiment was conducted in a sandy soil in two years in North China plain. The treatments included no nitrogen fertilization control (CK), calcium nitrate (CN), common urea (CU), polymer-coated urea (CRF), release-controlled urea (LCU), polymer gel urea (CLP) and urea formaldehyde (UF). The ammonia volatilization loss, maize yield and nitrogen utilization were determined during the summer maize growing seasons.[Results]1) The ammonia volatilization mainly occurred in the first week after applied into soil, the cumulative ammonia volatilization accounted for 81.6% of the whole growing period for CU, and 62.2%–82.2% for CLP, LCU, CRF and UF. 2) In 2014, the cumulative ammonia volatilization in CU was N 14.9 kg/hm2; those were significantly decreased by 21.7%–64.6% from CLP, LCU, CRF and UF. In 2015, that of the CU was N 17.3 kg/hm2, the decreases were by 17.3%–57.2%. 3) The ammonia volatilization loss ratios of the CU, CRF and LCU were higher than 60.0% in the two monitoring years, and that of CU reached to 76.0% in average, while the ratio of the UF was 37.6%. 4) The yearly average yields of the UF, CLP, LCU and CRF were increased significantly by 6.3%–18.8%, compared with the CU. 5)The nitrogen use efficiency with UF was up to 57.9%, and those with CLP, LCU, CRF, CN and CU were 42.4%, 38.3%, 38.3%, 23.5% and 20.8%, respectively.[Conclusions]The urea formaldehyde, polymer gel urea, lost-controlled urea and polymer-coated urea can significantly reduce the ammonia volatilization loss, improve the maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Among the tested control-released nitrogen fertilizers, urea formaldehyde and polymer gel urea perform better for the high-yield, high-efficiency and less N loss.关键词
夏玉米/缓释氮肥/氨挥发/产量/氮素利用Key words
summer maize/slow-release nitrogen fertilizer/ammonia volatilization/yield/nitrogen utilization分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
周丽平,杨俐苹,白由路,卢艳丽,王磊,倪露..不同氮肥缓释化处理对夏玉米田间氨挥发和氮素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1449-1457,9.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划（2014bac31b01）；中国工程院咨询项目（201306zd001）资助。 （）
