中国油料作物学报2016，Vol.38Issue(6)：817-823,7.DOI:10.7505/j.issn.1007-9084.2016.06.016
氮钾肥运筹对花生-油菜轮作制作物产量及养分效率的影响
Effect of different nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application allocation on yields and nutrient efficiency in peanut-rapeseed rotation system
摘要
Abstract
Effects of different nitrogen (N)and potassium (K)fertilizer allocation strategies on crops yield,N and K uptake in plant,fertilizer use efficiency,soil NK balance and economic benefit were studied by using a 6 sea-son-four-year (2010-2013)located experiment in peanut-rapeseed cropping system.Six treatments were set as no fertilizer control (CK),farmer’s practice (FP),balanced fertilizer (BF with N,P2 O5 and K2 O rates of 90,90, 120kg/hm2 in peanut,and 180,90,120kg/hm2 in rapeseed respectively),postponing N (PN with N,P2 O5 and K2 O rates of 45,90,120kg/hm2 in peanut,and 225,90,120kg/hm2 in rapeseed respectively),beforehand K (BK with N,P2 O5 and K2 O rates of 90,90,180kg/hm2 in peanut,and 180,90,60kg/hm2 in rapeseed respectively)and post-poning K (PK,means N,P2 O5 and K2 O rates were 90,90,60kg/hm2 in peanut,and 180,90,180kg/hm2 in rape-seed respectively).The results showed that:(1 )compared with the control,all treatments with NPK fertilizer in-creased the yields of peanut,rapeseed and annual by 10.9%,1 18.0%and 32.1%respectively.Among these treat-ments,the highest yield of peanut was obtained by BK treatment,and the highest yield of rapeseed was obtained by PN treatment respectively.(2)appling NPK fertilizer could significantly increase crop N and K uptakes.Comparedto BF treatment,the highest N partial factor productivity and N -uptake efficiency of peanut were obtained by PNtreatment,the highest K partial factor productivity and K -uptake efficiency of rapeseed were obtained by BK treatment respectively.(3)the apparent N balance and the apparent K balance in the soil -crop system were negativein CK and FP treatments after the four -year peanut -rapeseed cropping,while positive balance were obtained inthe other 4 treatments (36.1 kg/hm2 N and 24.0kg/hm2 K2 O).(4)the economic return index indicating by ratiosof income to input of NPK fertilizer was the highest in BK treatment with the value of 2.12 for peanut,3.13 forrapeseed and 2.59 for the whole year.The overall results suggested that the appropriate N application rates were90kg/hm2 in peanut and 180kg/hm2 in rapeseed respectively.And under the condition of K fertilizer shortage,Kfertilizer was preferred to applying in peanut season to improve fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits in thispeanut -rapeseed cropping system.关键词
花生-油菜轮作/氮钾肥/产量/养分效率Key words
Peanut-rapeseed rotation/Nitrogen and potassium application/Yield/Nutrient efficiency分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李银水,余常兵,谢立华,胡小加,秦璐,雷永,廖星..氮钾肥运筹对花生-油菜轮作制作物产量及养分效率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(6):817-823,7.基金项目
国家花生现代产业技术体系（CARS－14）；国际植物营养研究所项目（IPNI－Hubei－28）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项 （）
