动物营养学报2017，Vol.29Issue(1)：298-308,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.01.034
全混合日粮粒度对奶牛采食、咀嚼活动和生产性能的影响
Effects of Particle Size of Total Mixed Ration on Feed Intake, Chewing Activity and Performance in Dairy Cows
摘要
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of particle size of total mixed ration ( TMR) on feed intake, chewing activity and performance in dairy cows, which was used to determine the appropriate par⁃ticle size of TMR and mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis during TMR processing. Four multiparous Holstein dairy cows [body weight was(616.8±44.3) kg] at mid⁃lactation [days in milk was (85±7) d] were randomly assigned to 4 groups in a 4×4 Latin square. Particle size of TMR was changed according to changing mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis, and the 4 groups were as follows:fine practicle hay ( FH) group ( mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis was 12 and 20 min, rescpectively) , medium⁃fine practicle hay ( MFH) group ( mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis was 9 and 15 min, rescpectively) , medium⁃long practicle hay ( MLH) group ( mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis was 6 and 10 min, rescpectively) and long practicle hay ( LH) group ( mixing time of alfalfa and Leymus chinensis was 3 and 5 min, rescpec⁃tively) . The experiment consisted of 4 periods of 19 d with 14 d for adaptation and 5 d for sampling in each pe⁃riod. Milk yield was recorded and milk sample was collected to determine milk composition in the first three days of sampling period, monitoring system was used to measure chewing activity on the second and third days of sampling period, and feces sample was collected to evaluate nutrient apparent digestibility in last two days of sampling period. The results showed as follows:particle size of TMR had significant effects on apparent digest⁃ibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and nitrogen;compared with MLH and LH groups ( P<0.05) , apparent digestibility in FH and MFH groups was higher. Particle size of TMR had no significant effects on intakes of dry matter, physical effective neutral detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nitrogen, as well as milk yield and milk composition ( P>0.05) . No significant differences were detected on chewing ac⁃tivity and plasma biochemical indicators caused particle size of TMR (P>0.05). The results indicate that the suitable particle size distribution of TMR can be as follows:the percentages of dry matter≥19.00 mm, 8.00~(<19.00) mm, 1.18~(<8.00) mm and <1.18 mm are 45.20%, 25.50%, 16.55% and 12.75%, respective⁃ly; the suitable mixing time for alfalfa and Leymus chinensis in TMR are 9 and 15min, respectively.关键词
奶牛/全混合日粮/搅拌时间/粒度/采食量/咀嚼活动/生产性能Key words
dairy cow/total mixed ration/mixing time/particle size/feed intake/chewing activity/per-formance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李延涛,闫瑞,胡志勇,林雪彦,王中华..全混合日粮粒度对奶牛采食、咀嚼活动和生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):298-308,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金（31572427，31372340）；国家现代农业（奶业）产业技术体系（CARS-37）；山东省牛产业技术体系 （）
