土壤学报2017，Vol.54Issue(1)：273-280,8.DOI:10.11766/trxb201604050088
基于氮流失控制的种植结构调整与配套生态补偿措施*--以竺山湾小流域为例
N-Loss-Control-Oriented Readjustment of Planting Structure and Its Matching Ecological Compensation Measures-A Case Study of Zhushanwan Catchment
摘要
Abstract
Through consultation of literature and field survey,data were collected of the conventional rice,wheat,vegetable and fruit production,the economic benefit of the production under the model of cleaner production and the nitrogen loss in the Zhushanwan catchment,a subwatershed in the northwest of the Taihu Lake Region,and other relevant social-economic data. An attempt was made to readjust the planting structure of the catchment in line with five simulated scenarios(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ),separately, high to low in total nitrogen loss,using the linear optimization model(Software Lingo 11)and taking into full account maximal economic benefit and total volume control of pollution discharge. In Scenario Ⅱand Ⅲ, the total N input was found to be 6 267 t and 5 567 t,respectively,and the total N loss 511 t and 447 t, respectively,which indicates that both scenarios meet their respective intended targets of reducing total N input by 20% and total N loss by 30% as compared with that in the conventional planting structure. Besides, the two scenarios may generate a relative net economic profit of 845.6 million yuan and 796.6 million yuan, respectively,both higher than that(787.3million yuan)the conventional planting structure does. So among the five scenarios,Scenario Ⅱ is the optimal one and Scenario Ⅲ the second to follow for readjustment of the planting structure of the region. The quota of eco-compensation was calculated according to opportunity cost and ecological benefit reward,and the compensation policy and mechanisms were suggested to facilitate implementation of cleaner production. The ecological compensation funds,excluding transaction cost,about 15% of the total compensation for Scenario Ⅱ andⅢ is estimated to be 9.61 and 35.07 million yuan(RMB), respectively,according to the standard for compensation,739 and 2 696 Yuan hm-2,respectively. Implementation of the policy and its matching eco-compensation measures may effectively help control non-point source agricultural pollution and expedite the process of transformation or escalation of the farming industry in the region from the traditional one to the one of cleaner production.关键词
面源污染/种植结构优化/清洁生产模式/N流失量/竺山湾小流域/补偿政策Key words
Non-point source pollution/Planting structure optimization/Cleaner production mode in agriculture/Nitrogen loss via surface runoff and leaching/Zhushanwan catchment/Compensation policy分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
王芊,武永峰,罗良国..基于氮流失控制的种植结构调整与配套生态补偿措施*--以竺山湾小流域为例[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):273-280,8.基金项目
国家“十二五”水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2012ZX07101-004，2014ZX07105-001）和中国农业科学院农业清洁流域创新工程共同资助 Supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project of Water Pollution Control and Management for the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (Nos.2012ZX07101-004 and 2014ZX07105-001) and the Agriculture Cleaner Watershed Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences （Nos.2012ZX07101-004 and 2014ZX07105-001）
