干旱地区农业研究2017，Vol.35Issue(1)：41-49,9.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2017.01.07
不同覆草量苹果园土壤水温效应及对树体生长的影响
Effects of wheat straw-mulching on soil moisture and soil temperature and tree growth in apple orchard
摘要
Abstract
The wheat straw mulching with different amounts (22 000 kg·hm-2(T1),33 000 kg·hm-2(T2)and 44 000 kg·hm-2(T3))and clean tillage(CK)were used in orchards to study its influence on the soil moisture in 0~100 cm soil depth,the soil temperature in 5~25 cm soil depth,tree growth and fruit quality during the whole growth period of 19-year-old Nagafu No .2 tree .Results showed that from April to July the average soil moisture in the depth of 0~100 cm of corresponding three treatments increased with the increase of wheat straw amounts;the average moisture con-tents of T2 and T3 were significantly (P<0.01)higher than that of CK in same period,increased by 8.98%~27 .09%,and the soil moisture contents in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm two soil layers of three wheat straw mulching treat-ments were also significantly (P<0 .01)higher than that of CK in the same soil layer,increased by 9 .36%~73 .77%. From April to August the soil temperature in 5~25 cm soil depth in three wheat straw mulching treatments was lower than that in CK,significantly (P<0 .01)from April to June,decreased by 2 .1 1℃~8 .02℃.But it was higher than that in CK from September to November .Daily amplitude in 5~20 cm soil depth in wheat straw mulching treatments was very significantly (P<0 .01)lower than that in CK,decreased by 0 .39℃~3 .63℃.The single fruit weight and yield of T2 were all the highest in four treatments,the yields of three wheat straw mulching treatments were significantly (P<0 .01) higher than CK,increased by 10 .70%~20 .83%.Water use efficiency of fresh yield of wheat straw mulching treat-ments was significantly (P<0 .01)higher than CK,increased by 9 .87%~20 .87%.Wheat straw mulching treatments had little effect on tree growth and shoot ratio .In view of comprehensive effects and input and output ratio,it was suit-able for apple orchard to apply wheat straw mulching with 22 000~33 000 kg·hm-2 in this area .关键词
覆草量/土壤水分/土壤温度/树体生长/投入产出比Key words
wheat straw mulching amount/soil moisture/soil temperature/tree growth/input and output ratio分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
尹晓宁,马明,刘兴禄,董铁,牛军强,孙文泰,张坤..不同覆草量苹果园土壤水温效应及对树体生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):41-49,9.基金项目
农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项“甘肃雨养农田苹果水分高效利用技术研究与示范”（201303104）；甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关项目“雨养区果园覆盖方式及保墒沃土技术研发与示范”（GPCK2010－1）；国家苹果产业技术体系 （）
