农业工程学报2017，Vol.33Issue(1)：45-51,7.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.01.006
4B-1200型平贝母药材收获机的改进设计与试验
Improved design and test of 4B-1200 type Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis medicinal materials harvester
摘要
Abstract
Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis is herbaceous perennial of fritillaria,and its underground bulb has high medical value.Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis is a valuable traditional medicine in China and it is favoured in Chinese herbal medicine market at home and abroad.The artificial cultivation of Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuirensis has a history of over 40 years.At present,Fritillariae harvest is an exceedingly laborious and time-consuming hand operation.Fritillaria harvest timeliness is very strong,and Fritillariae harvest is almost concentrated between June and July,and a lot of labors are hired.Under the current condition of high labor costs and labor shortage,the effective way of solving the above problem is to realize mechanization of Fritillaria harvest.However,the level of Fritillariae harvest mechanization is very low.The mechanized harvest method for Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuirensis mainly adopts semi-mechanization and combine-mechanization.Semi-mechanization refers to mechanical harvesting of the vibrating screen,and the remaining portion is artificially harvested.Combine-mechanization adopts tractors to pull Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis.At present,the research is mainly focused on the former.The 4B-1200 bype Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis harvester matched with a walking tractor is developed in this study.The machine can complete the tasks of surface soil scraping,mining and separation ofFritillariae Ussuriensis and soil mixture,cleaning undersize Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and soil mixture onto the ridge on both sides,and sieving Fritillariae bagging.These greatly reduce the labor intensity,reduce the labor cost,and improve the production efficiency.But there are some problems such as not flexible steering,surface soil accumulation,incomplete grade classification,low bagging location and walking tractor power shortage.Aimed at above problems,soil separation mechanism and vibration screen of Fritillariae medicinal materials harvester were improved,the lifting mechanism was added.Contrasting experiments of loss rate and damage rate were carried out before and after the improvement of Fritillariae medicinal materials harvester.The orthogonal experimental design analyzed the combined effect of vibration screen's crank rotating speed,screen surface inclination and screen face length on the screening rate.Experiment showed that the improved machine was more coordinated,stable and reliable about cleaning surface soil covered,conveying and separating Fritillariae and soil,grading and bagging fritillaria.Harvest quality and adaptability were good.The loss rate and the damage rate were less than 3.8％ and 2.9％ respectively,and by 1.1％ and 1.2％ respectively compared with the harvester before the improvement.The indices were in accord with the industry standard regulations.Through the orthogonal contrast design,the optimum combination scheme was obtained:when the vibration screen's crank rotating speed was 550 r/min,the inclination of screen surface is was 3°and the screen surface length was 1.6 m,the screening rate reached up to 95％.All the data were in accord with the industry standard regulations.The test results met the mechanized harvesting productivity requirements,too.The study provides the technical reference for the popularization and application of Fritillariae medicinal materials harvester.关键词
收获机/机械化/设计/改进/平贝母/分土机构/提升机构/双层振动筛Key words
harvesters/mechanization/design/improvement/Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis/soil separation mechanism/lifting mechanism/double-layer vibration screen分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
宋江,刘丽华,王密,张佳..4B-1200型平贝母药材收获机的改进设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(1):45-51,7.基金项目
黑龙江省教育厅面上项目(12541577) （12541577）
黑龙江八一农垦大学校内培育课题资助计划项目(XZR2014-03) （XZR2014-03）
黑龙江省教育厅重点实验室开放课题(Hljbyndgc2013005) （Hljbyndgc2013005）
大庆市创新能力提升计划项目(scx2010-06-06) （scx2010-06-06）
