草业学报2017，Vol.26Issue(3)：149-160,12.DOI:10.11686/cyxb2016194
施肥和覆盖模式对旱地冬小麦花后干物质转移、糖代谢及其籽粒产量的影响
Effects of different patterns of fertilization and mulching on the post-anthesis dry matter remobilization, sugar metabolism and grain yield of winter wheat in dry lands
摘要
Abstract
To study the effects on winter wheat of different combinations of fertilizer,manure and mulching on the dynamics of dry matter accumulation and remobilization,water-soluble sugar content (WSC),sucrose sugar content (SSC) and seed yield,a field experiment was carried out during 2012-2015 at the Qingshui Experimental Station of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science (located in a typical semi-arid and rain-fed farming area).Different combinations of fertilizer (chemical+ manure) and mulching were applied.Compared to T1 (no fertilizer,control),grain yield under the other treatments increased in the following order:high level of chemical fertilizer combined with manure (T6)＞equal application of chemical fertilizer and manure (T4)＞high application of chemical fertilizer with plastic mulching (T5)＞equal application of chemical fertilizer with plastic mulching (T3)＞conventional application of chemical fertilizer (T2)＞T1.Manure application increased postanthesis accumulation of dry matter,dry matter remobilization rate,contribution rate to grain filling,grain weight per seed and spike number per square meter,thus increasing the grain yield.Compared to T1,T6 and T4 resulted in yield increases of 119.22％ and 118.24％ respectively.Plastic mulching (T3,T5) increased postanthesis accumulation of dry matter in the leaf,stem,sheath and glume,and grain number per spike,setting the foundation for yield improvement.However,plastic mulching also decreased the remobilization rate of dry matter and its contribution rate to grain filling.Nitrogen fertilizer application (T3-T6) increased the accumulation of dry matter in leaves,but excessive levels were detrimental to grain weight and decreased the remobilization rate and contribution rate to grain filling.Different combinations of fertilizer+mulching (T2-T6) decreased the water-soluble sugar content (WSC) and sucrose sugar content (SSC) of different vegetative organs during the mid-early period of filling (from 10 to 20 d after anthesis) and delayed the decrease in WSC and SSC in the leaf and sheath.The sharpest decrease in WSC and SSC in the leaf,stem,sheath and glume occurred from 30 to 40 d after anthesis,while in seeds it occurred from 10 to 20 d after anthesis.The yield,plant height,spike number per unit area,spike length and flag leaf area were significantly and negatively correlated with WSC and SSC in the leaf,stem and sheath from 10 to 20 d after anthesis.In the semi-arid and rain-fed farming area of Gansu,optimal application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,combined with manure application,is capable of achieving the same increase in yield achieved with plastic mulching and is a more sustainable way to produce wheat in dry lands.关键词
施肥/覆盖/旱地/冬小麦/干物质转移/花后糖代谢/产量/相关性Key words
fertilizer/mulching/dry land/winter wheat/dry matter remobilization/sugar metabolism/yield/correlation引用本文复制引用
张礼军,鲁清林,白玉龙,周刚,汪恒兴,周洁..施肥和覆盖模式对旱地冬小麦花后干物质转移、糖代谢及其籽粒产量的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(3):149-160,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31360313),甘肃省自然基金项目(130RJzA185)和国家小麦产业技术体系甘肃综合试验站(CARS-03)资助. （31360313）
