果树学报2017，Vol.34Issue(4)：444-453,10.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20160346
8个葡萄品种的花色苷组分及含量分析
Analysis of anthocyanin compositions and contents in eight grape cultivars
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] The content and composition of anthocyanins is an important determinant of the color and functional value of grape berries and wine,and thus is crucial for their market value.In order to determine the anthocyanin content and composition in different grape varieties for breeding table grape or wine grape varieties with rich anthocyanins,we introduced some varieties with deep-color skin and good resistance in recent years.[Methods] The test was carried out in a demonstration vineyard in Shandong Agricultural University,where a warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate dominates.The vineyard was established in 2011,the vines were planted with vertical trellis systems,in a north-south orientation,with 1.2 m between plants,2.2 m between rows and 2 m in height.The training system was spurpruned vertical shoot-positioned (VSP),and all the grapes were under the same cultivation management.The tested materials included Vitis vinifera ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon’,‘ Manna’ (a hybrid of ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon’),‘ Cabernet Mitos’,‘Acolon’,V.vinifera-V.labrusca ‘ Kyoho Early’,‘ Moldova’ (‘ Guzal kara’ × ‘ SV.12-375’),‘ Frontenac’ (‘ Riparia 89’ × ‘ Landot4511’),‘ Beeker’ (an interspecific species with parents unknown,bred by Becker and presented by Hance).For each variety,plants with uniform vigor and size were selected,and 3 plants per plot with replicates (totally 9 plants) were used for the study.Four mature berry clusters born in the middle shoots were taken from every plot (12 clusters in total) and all the berries from the same plot were peeled,pooled and rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen for measuring anthocyanins.Extraction of anthocyanins was conducted using the method of Zhaoquan.The HPLC-MS analyses were carried out using a WATERS ACQUITY UPLC-PDA detector.Chromatographic separation was carried out using a 100 mm ×2.1 mm i.d.thermostated at 45 ℃.The mobile phase was a linear gradient of water/formic acid (98 ∶ 2) (solvent B) in acetonitrile (solvent A),at a flow rate of 0.3 mL· min-1.The following gradient was used:0-20 min,6％-16％ A;20-28 min,16％-23％ A;28-35 min,23％-50％ A;35-37 min,50％ A;37-40 min,50％-60％ A;and MS analyses.MS operating parameters were:capillary voltage,3 000 V;cone voltage,30.0 V;cone gas flow,10 L·h-1;desolvation gas flow,700 L· h-1;ion source temperature,100 ℃;desolvation temperature,400 ℃.The instrument was operated in a positive ion mode scanning from m· z-1 50 to 2 000.[Results]The total anthocyanin content in ‘ Moldova’ skin was the highest (8 131.08 mg· kg-1),followed by ‘Cabernet Mitos’,‘Acolon’ and ‘Frontenac’ in a range of 7 016.25-7 546.66 mg· kg-1.It was the lowest in ‘ Manna’ and ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon’,being 2 608.59 and 2 442.87 mg· kg-1,respectively.Malvidin,petunidin,delphindin,cyanidin,peonidin,and their derivatives could be detected in all varieties tested,although their proportions were different among varieties.Malvidin and its derivative malvidins were the main components in all varieties,accounting for 80.76％.Anthocyanin composition was similar between ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘ Manna’,‘ Cabernet Mitos’ and ‘Acolon’,‘ Kyoho Early’ and ‘ Moldova’,while ‘ Becker’ and ‘ Frontenac’ had an anthocyanin composition which was different with the others.‘Becker’ had the highest modification degree of the anthocyanins,which reached 99.41％,followed by ‘Moldova’ and ‘Manna’ with a modification degree of 96.51％ and 94.60％ respectively.‘Frontenac’ had the lowest modification degree of 81.20％ only.The result also showed that V.vinifera varieties ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon’,‘ Manna’,‘ Cabernet Mitos’ and ‘ Acolon’ did not contain diglucosides,while ‘ Kyoho Early’,‘ Moldova’,‘ Frontenac’ and ‘ Becker’ contained much diglucosides,indicating that they did not belong to V.vinifera.The principal component and cluster analyses indicated that ‘ Cabernet Mitos’,‘Acolon’,‘ Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘ Manna’ were closer in relationship,but ‘Kyoho Early’,‘Moldova’,‘Frontenac’ and ‘Becker’ had a distant relationship based on the composition of anthocyanins.[Conclusion] Different varieties differ significantly in anthocyanin content and composition in their skin.Methylation is the main modification form of anthocyanins.‘Moldova’,‘Cabernet Mitos’,‘ Acolon’ and ‘ Frontenac’ have a high content of total anthocyanins,but a high degree of modification of anthocyanins occurs in ‘Becker’,‘Moldova’ and ‘Manna’.Malvidins are the main components in all grape varieties,and peonidin and its derivatives (peonidins) are the second most abundant anthocyanin components in most V.vinifera,while V.vinifera×V.labrusca's is dominant by petunidin and its derivatives (petunidins).‘Moldova’,‘Cabernet Mitos’ and ‘Acolon’ can be used as a source of dyes,as they have a higher anthocyanin content with a higher modification degree.Therefore they can be cultivated in large scale as important pigmented varieties.Anthocyanin composition analysis can be an effective method to classify grape cultivars.关键词
葡萄品种/花色苷/花色素双葡萄糖苷/花色苷修饰Key words
Grape cultivar/Anthocyanins/Diglucoside anthocyanins/Anthocyanins modification分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘笑宏,郭淑华,牛彦杰,杜远鹏,翟衡..8个葡萄品种的花色苷组分及含量分析[J].果树学报,2017,34(4):444-453,10.基金项目
国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-30) （CARS-30）
教育部“长江学者和创新团队发展计划”创新团队(IRT15R42) （IRT15R42）
