果树学报2017，Vol.34Issue(4)：515-518,4.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20160394
中熟苹果新品种‘岳艳’的选育
Breeding report of a new middle ripening apple cultivar ‘ Yueyan’
摘要
Abstract
‘ Yueyan’ is a new middle ripening red apple cultivar selected from a cross ‘ Hanfu’ and ‘ Sansa’ in 2002.After artificial pollination,only 8 hybrid seeds were got in 2003.The seeds were sowed in 2004,and 8 seedlings were got.‘S92’ was considered as primary selection strains in 2008.It showed earlier bearing,good color,strong resistance,fruit economic characters outstanding.Regional adaptability testing of the strains at more than ten sites including 10 comprehensive experimental stations of Liaoning,Shandong,Shanxi,Hebei,Sichuang,Yunnan and Xinjiang province from 2010.After seven years continuous observation on the original tree and regional adaptability testing,‘Yueyan’ was examined and approved by Liaoning Crop Cultivar Registration Committee in 2014.Trees of ‘Yueyan’ are vigorous with a spread growth habit.The trunk is smooth with dull grey-brown in color.Color of 1-year-old branch is brown.The average length of branch is 33.4 cm.Matured leaves are green with slope upward and wrap around.The average length of leafstalk is 3.7 cm.The average length and width of leaf are 9.3 cm and 5.1 cm,respectively.There are five flowers on each anthotaxy.Petals are pink white.The diameter of flower is 4.6 cm.The fruit is long-conical.The ground color is yellowish-green.The cover color of the fruits is fresh pink red without bagging.The average weight of fruit is 240 g,the biggest one is up to 309 g.The fruit shape index is 0.89.The skin is smooth with bright-colored and beautiful.Flesh color is yellowishwhite.Flesh is thin and crisp,juicy,balanced sweet-tart,and aromatic.This variety has 8 to 10 seeds per fruit.Seeds color is yellowish-brown.The content of soluble solid is 13.4％,the content of total sugar is 11.5％,the content of total acid is 0.42％,hardness is 8.2 kg· cm-2.The quality is excellent.The full bloom date of ‘Yueyan’ is in early May.The mature date of ‘Yueyan’ is in early September in Xiongyue Liaoning area (east longitude 122°09',north latitude 40° 10').The fruit development period is about 125 d.The germination rate is high,branching ability is strong.Most bearings came from both axillary flower bud and spurs during young trees.The resistance to cold is strong.The resistance to cold in top buds of ‘ Yueyan’ is stronger than that of ‘Hanfu’.It is resistant to trunk canker.The fruit has 20 d or so storage-life under room temperature,and also can be refrigerated to the following March.It is suitable for planting in Dashiqiao,Yingkou city and southern area.It is early bearing,productive.This variety bear fruits after planted in the second years.The ability of yielding was average 30 000 kg· hm-2 in the fifth years.Spacing in the rows and spacing between rows are 2 m × 4 m with vigorous rootstock and 1.5 m × 4 m with dwarf rootstock.The suitable interstoeks are ‘Gm256’,‘SH’ strains,‘Liaozhen 2’ etc.The S genetypes was S1S7.Suitable pollination varieties are chose from ‘Fuji’ ‘Gala’ ‘Red Chief’ ‘Golden Delicious’ ‘Yueyanghong’ and ‘ Hanfu’ etc.Tree' s figure should be shaped as thin spindle mode,and the height is controlled in 3.5 to 4.0 m.Lateral branch sprouts easily in the young tree.It is necessary to open the shoots angle in time to relieve the growth and speed shaping so as to make it early fruit.Renewal the weak branch groups after harvest to maintain the growth and improve the quality of fruits.High spindle mode is recommend when use dwarf root-stocks,and keep the tree' s size as followed items:height is 3.0 to 3.5 m,the number of branches is 30 or so,angle of branch is from 110° to 120°,and the ratio of branch thick to trunk thick is from 1 ∶ 3 to 1 ∶ 5.Pole structure should be used to keep the tree hold to the soil,especially in young plant trees.Interstock trees should pay attention to help the branch of center leader.Limited reasonable load was within 45 000-75 000 kg· hm-2.It should be timely harvest.The fruit of the tree fell on the crisp if late harvest.关键词
苹果/新品种/‘岳艳’/杂交/中熟Key words
Apple/New cultivar/‘Yueyan’/Hybrid/Middle-ripening分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王冬梅,伊凯,刘志,吕天星,张景娥,闫忠业..中熟苹果新品种‘岳艳’的选育[J].果树学报,2017,34(4):515-518,4.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD02B01-4) （2013BAD02B01-4）
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28) （CARS-28）
