气象2017，Vol.43Issue(2)：141-150,10.DOI:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2017.02.002
长生命史超级单体结构特征与形成维持机制
Structure Characteristics ,Formation and Maintenance Mechanism of Supercell with Long Life Cycle
摘要
Abstract
Based on the surface dense automatic station data,Doppler radar data and NCEP/NCAR reanaly-sis data,the strong convective weather occurring over Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces on April 28,2015 un-der the background of cold vortex was analyzed.Moreover,the structure characteristics,formation and maintenance mechanism of the supercell storm with long life cycle,which led to the regional hail in this weather process,were also significantly studied.The results showed that the formation of the northerly jet at the back of cold vortex and cold advection which was carried to the south promoted the development of conditional unstable stratification and deep vertical wind shear,providing a favorable environment for the occurrence of severe convective weather.Surface mesoscale depression and the accompanied convergence line were one kind of the triggering mechanisms.Supercell storm with long life cycle occurred in the middle troposphere and had highly organized dynamic structure at its mature stage.The storm had the significant rotation characteristics,especially in middle layer.The middle and low layer of the storm corresponded with deep convergence zone,while the top of the storm presented obvious divergence feature.Such veritical distribution of divergence field enhanced the intensity of rising flow within the storm and the warm,humid flow in the low level of the storm,making the abundant water vapor in low level transported into the storm,so the convective storm increased vertically and developed intensively.The top height of the storm and the centroid height showed features of wave motion before and after the hail occurring.The hail happened at the rapid descending stage of the above two heights,and the centroid height had more ob-vious descending trend.The maintenance of supercell storm was related to the constant southerly cold ad-vection in the middle troposphere,the strong vertical wind shear and rotation feature inside the storm.关键词
超级单体风暴/条件性不稳定/垂直风切变/旋转Key words
supercell storm/conditional instability/vertical wind shear/rotation分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
吴海英,陈海山,刘梅,沈阳..长生命史超级单体结构特征与形成维持机制[J].气象,2017,43(2):141-150,10.基金项目
公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201506006 )、江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2013730 和 BE2015731 )及江苏省自然科学基金(BK20131459)共同资助 （气象）
