中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(2)：180-187,8.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160788
河西灌区不同耕作与秸秆还田方式对春小麦出苗及产量的影响
Effect of tillage and straw retention mode on seedling emergence and yield of spring wheat in the Hexi Irrigation Area
摘要
Abstract
Seedling emergence rate and uniformity of crops determine their growth and yield performance,while straw retention and tillage mode play an important role on seedling emergence and growth of corps.To explore the responses of seedling emergence and yield of crops to straw retention and tillage practices,a field experiment was carried out in a typical oasis irrigation region,Wuwei,Gansu Province,in 2014 and 2015,to determine the effects of treatments of straw retention combined with tillage patterns on seedling emergence,yield,and yield components of spring wheat.The treatments included reduced tillage with 25 to 30 cm high straw standing (NTSS),reduced tillage with 25 to 30 cm long straw covering (NTS),tillage with 25 to 30 cm long straw incorporation (TS),and conventional tillage without straw retention (CT,the control).The results showed that,compared with CT,reduced tillage combined with straw retention treatments (NTSS,NTS) significantly decreased seedling emergence evenness of wheat,while TS increased seedling emergence evenness.NTSS and NTS increased spring wheat tiller number by 7.4％ to 10.5％ and 14.6％ to 19.1％,effective spike rate of tiller by 13.5％ to 20.1％ and 33.0％ to 34.7％,spike number by 7.5％ to 9.3％ and 10.3％ to 11.2％,kernel number per spike by 15.7％ to 16.1％ and 18.5％ to 22.6％,and thousand-kernel weight by 7.2％ to 8.9％ and 13.9％ to 14.2％,compared with CT,respectively.There was no significant difference between TS and CT treatments in the above parameters.NTSS and NTS treatments had 16.6％ to 17.4％ and 18.6％ to 21.4％ higher grain yield than CT.NTS had the highest increasing effect on wheat grain yield,which was 10.3％ to 11.0％ higher under NTS than under TS.The increase of spike number and kernel number per spike was the main reason for yield increase under reduced tillage with straw retention treatments.However,emergence rate and uniformity had no significant impact on wheat production.Meanwhile,NTSS,NTS treatments were 9.4％ to 10.7％ and 10.5％ to 11.1％ greater in harvest index than CT treatment,indicating higher conversion rate of photoassimilates in wheat under the two treatments.Therefore,our results showed that reduced tillage in combination with 25 to 30 cm high straw retention was the feasible technology of wheat production in the oasis irrigation region.关键词
春小麦/秸秆还田/耕作方式/出苗/产量Key words
Spring wheat/Straw retention/Tillage pattern/Seedling emergence/Yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
殷文,陈桂平,柴强,郭瑶,冯福学,赵财,于爱忠,刘畅..河西灌区不同耕作与秸秆还田方式对春小麦出苗及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(2):180-187,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31360323)、国家公益性行业(农业)科研项目(201503125-3)和国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B10)资助This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360323),the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201503125-3),and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2012BAD14B10). （31360323）
