中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(4)：478-489,12.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160786
太行山区主要森林生态系统水源涵养能力
Water conservation capacity of forest ecosystems in Taihang Mountain
摘要
Abstract
Water conservation is a comprehensive water resources regulatory function of forest ecosystems through various hydrological processes, including canopy interception, litter containment and soil retention. As a typical northern rocky mountain area, Taihang Mountain is characterized by low rainfall with uneven seasonal distribution, shallow soil, low soil water-holding capacity and fragile environment. In spite of this, Taihang Mountain is an important ecological security shelter for the water sources belt in the North China Plain. Water has become one of the key limiting factors for the protection and restoration of vegetation in the region. Therefore, comparative analysis of water conservation capacities of main forest vegetation types is needed for development of feasible measures for water conservation and sustainable water security in the region. In this paper, we selected 196 records of canopy interception, litter and soil water carrying capacity in the natural deciduous broad-leaved forest, artificial deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, natural coniferous forest, coniferous forest and shrubs in the mountain region. We integrated water storage capacity with canopy rainfall interception, litter and soil water-holding capacity and then analyze water carrying capacities of main forest vegetation types in the area. Forest integrated water conservation capacity was calculated using a water conservation function for forest ecosystems. The results showed that: 1) soil non-capillary porosity had positive correlation with integrated water holding capacity of the ecosystem and the maximum soil water-holding capacity accounted for over 90% of the total water capacity of forest ecosystems in the region. It was revealed that soil layer, as the main water reservoir, was the most important layer for hydrological processes in the forests. 2) Coniferous forests such asPinus tabuliformis andPlatycladus orientalis were more suitable for regional meteorological conditions. Redistribution capacity of precipitation by coniferous forest is significantly higher than that of other forest types. 3) Low canopy density of mixed forest was beneficial to shrub growth and its litter holding was also higher than that of pure forest. 4) Although comprehensive water storage capacity of natural forest was higher than that of plantation forest, water storage capacity ofP. orientalis plantation andP. tabuliformis plantation ranked inferior to that of natural forests ofRobinia psendoacacia,P. orientalis andP. tabuliformis. In summary, it was important to take afforestation measures for soil erosion, long-term forest enclosure and appropriate stand density in order to fulfill the goals of ecosystem restoration and ecological reconstruction. In order to increase water conservation capacity, plantation forest with tree species such asP. tabuliformis andP. orientalis was recommended in afforestation. This study provided the basis for the evaluation of water conservation capacity of vegetation along with rational management of forest and water resources. It laid the foundation for environmental protection and disaster prevention and mitigation in Taihang Mountain.关键词
太行山区/森林植被类型/水源涵养/综合蓄水能力Key words
Taihang Mountain/Forest vegetation type/Water conservation/Comprehensive water retention capacity分类
林学引用本文复制引用
马维玲,石培礼,宗宁,赵广帅,柴曦,耿守保..太行山区主要森林生态系统水源涵养能力[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(4):478-489,12.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB452705)资助 Supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program) (2015CB452705) （973计划）
