中国生态农业学报2017，Vol.25Issue(4)：605-615,11.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160904
土壤重金属有效态含量检测与监测现状、问题及展望
The detection and monitoring of available heavy metal content in soil: A review
摘要
Abstract
With the rapid development of economy and society, the problem of heavy metal contamination in soil is becoming serious increasingly, which threatens the food security and human health. However, the detection method of total concentration of heavy metal in soil can not accurately reflect the actual toxicological bioavailability of heavy metal in soil. To further analyze the existing forms of heavy metal in soil and their biotoxicity, it is necessary to assess both the existing forms and the contents of heavy metal. This article described the definition of availability of heavy metal and its transfer mechanism in soil-organism system. According to related data and documents, divided the detection methods of availability of heavy metal in soil into two kinds of methods: direct methods (chemical detection methods and physical detection methods) and indirect methods (biological indicator methods). The research progress, application scope and characteristics of chemical extraction methods, diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), spectrum analysis methods, plant indicator method, microbial indicator method and soil animal indicator method were systematically set forth, and the major problems of existing detection methods were summarized. At last, the paper pointed out that it was urgent to ensure food security and human health by preventing soil pollution and remediation of contaminated soil based on rapid, in-situ and non-invasive detection and monitoring of forms, contents and pollution degrees of heavy metals in soil in large-area. However, it depends on developing of more accurate detection methods by understanding the mechanism of the translocation and accumulation of heavy metal in system of soil-crop-human. In addition, the in-situ stereo detection and monitoring methods combined with remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) are the hot spots of the detection and monitoring of heavy metal speciation in soil in future, and with the development of hyperspectral remote sensing technology and data processing technology, this kind of detection and monitoring methods of heavy metals can meet the requirements of large area and accurate detection and monitoring of available heavy metals contents in soil.关键词
土壤污染/重金属形态/生物有效性/含量检测/遥感监测Key words
Soil contamination/Form of heavy metal/Bioavailability/Content detection/Remote sensing monitoring分类
环境科学引用本文复制引用
周卫红,张静静,邹萌萌,杜小龙,张颖,杨悦,李建龙..土壤重金属有效态含量检测与监测现状、问题及展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(4):605-615,11.基金项目
江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2014]287)、苏州市科技计划项目(SNG201447)、江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20140413)和APN全球变化基金项目(ARCP2015-03CMY-Li)资助 Supported by the Jiangsu Province Agricultural Three-Renovations Project (SXGC[2014]287), the Suzhou Science and Technology Project of China (SNG201447), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (BK20140413) and the APN Global Change Fund Project (ARCP2015-03CMY-Li) （SXGC[2014]287）
