中国水产科学2017，Vol.24Issue(1)：50-56,7.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1118.2017.16088
缢蛏选育系F5的生长优势比较及育种效应分析
Growth comparison and selective breeding of a fifth-generation selected line of Sinonovacula constricta
摘要
Abstract
The razor clam Sinonovacula constricta is wildly distributed in China,Japan,and Korea.The razor clam has high nutritive and economic value and is one of four marine bivalves produced in China.Artificial breeding and frequent inbreeding have decreased the genetic diversity of razor clams,and the germplasm resources are degraded.As a result,massive razor clam mortalities occur occasionally.Cultured clams are generally small and have poor disease resistance,and no superior commercial razor clam varieties have been bred for the commercial market.Therefore,improving genetic traits and breeding outstanding varieties of razor clams via artificial selection are primary goals of razor clam culture.In this study,six natural populations of S.constricta (Zhejiang Xiangshang and Leqing populations,Fujian Xiapu and Changle populations,Jiangsu Sheyang and Shanghai Chongming populations) were selected as the F0 material structure foundation populations,and continuous multiple-generational breeding (selection intensity:2.063) was carried out using the mass selection method.The growth difference between the F5 breeding strain and a control population was compared.The selection response,realized heritability,and F5 heredity acquisition were evaluated.The results showed no differences in egg diameter or fertilization rate between the F5 generation (P＞0.05) and the control group.However,the metamorphosis rate,survival rate,and late growth in shell length of the F5 generation were significantly superior to those of the control group (P＜0.05).Variations in the selection response of shell length,realized heritability,and heredity acquisition of F5 during days 7-360 were 0.30-0.78,0.14-0.37,and 4.83％-42.18％,respectively,and the means were (0.49± 0.06),(0.23±0.08),and (26.49±11.73)％,respectively.These results suggest that continuous multiple-generational breeding of razor clams was effective,as it significantly improved survivability and the major economically important traits.Continuous selection of five generations of razor clams was effective,making further breeding to identify new razor clam varieties with desirable traits possible.The genetic gain in shell length was generally low,probably because of genetics and environmental factors.Razor clams are a mudflat bivalve that hide in silt,and their long body reduces adaptability to the environment.Hence,breeding should focus on weight selection to obtain more practical results.关键词
缢蛏/群体选育/选择反应/现实遗传力/遗传获得Key words
Sinonovacula constricta/mass selection/selection response/realized heritability/heredity acquisition/inherited分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李炼星,李浩,杜文俊,牛东红,李家乐,沈和定..缢蛏选育系F5的生长优势比较及育种效应分析[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(1):50-56,7.基金项目
国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2012AA10A400-3) （2012AA10A400-3）
水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心项目(ZF1206). （ZF1206）
