作物学报2017，Vol.43Issue(4)：596-607,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00596
平衡施肥对马铃薯-大豆套作系统中作物产量的影响
Effect of Balanced Fertilizer Application on Crop Yield in Potato-Soybean Re-lay-Cropping System
摘要
Abstract
The treatments of optimum fertilization (OPT: N 180, P 135, K 135 kg ha–1), OPT-N, OPT-P, OPT-K, OPT-1/3N, OPT +1/3N, OPT-1/3P, OPT +1/3P, OPT-1/3K, and CK were designed according to soil condition and uptake characteristics of nitro-gen, phosphorus and potassium of potato/soybean relay-cropping system in Northwest irrigation districts. A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive seasons (from 2012 to 2013) to verify the yield response to balanced fertilization. The re-lay-cropping potato yield of OPT was significantly higher than those of OPT-N, OPT-P, and OPT-K, with obvious difference of 11653.86 kg ha–1 between OPT and OPT-N, the relay-cropping soybean yield of OPT was significantly higher than those of OPT-N, OPT-P, and OPT-K, with obvious difference of 751.55 kg ha–1 between OPT and OPT-P. Therefore, nitrogen and phosphorus were the first limiting factors in relay-cropping potato and soybean production. Under certain phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the re-lay-cropping potato yield increased with increasing N application, reaching the highest of 50231.85 kg ha–1 under 240 kg ha–1 treat-ment (OPT+1/3N), but there was no significant difference between OPT and OPT+1/3N. And the relay-cropping soybean yield in-creased firstly and decreased then with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, with the highest yield of 3373.55 kg ha–1 under 180 kg ha–1 treatment (OPT), there was no significant difference between OPT, OPT-1/3N, and OPT+1/3N. Under certain nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, the yield of relay-cropping potato and soybean increased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application, and reaching the highest yield of 52430.03 kg ha–1 and 3637.13 kg ha–1 under 180 kg ha–1 treatment (OPT+1/3P), respectively. For relay-cropping potato, average fresh-weight of individual tuber reached the highest under 180 kg ha–1 treatment (OPT+1/3P), which was 185.13 g. For relay-cropping soybean, the average of pods per plant, seeds per plant and seeds per pod reached the highest under OPT+1/3P, which were 74.24, 1.87, and 139.15 respectively. Therefore, nitrogen (N 180 kg ha–1) fertilizer was adequate, phosphorus (P135 kg ha–1) fertilizer a little lacking, and potassium (K135 kg ha–1) fertilizer on the high side in OPT treatment.关键词
马铃薯/大豆/套作/平衡施肥/产量Key words
Potato/Soybean/Relay-cropping/Balanced fertilizer application/Yield引用本文复制引用
陈光荣,王立明,杨如萍,董博,杨桂芳,张国宏,杨文钰..平衡施肥对马铃薯-大豆套作系统中作物产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(4):596-607,12.基金项目
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31660134), 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-CES17), 甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金项目(2015GAAS20)和兰州市农业科技专项(2015-3-37)资助. The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-04-CES17), the Science Foundation of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2015GAAS20), and the Lanzhou Special Fund for Agro-scientific Re-search (2015-3-37). （31660134）
