兽类学报2016，Vol.36Issue(2)：138-151,14.DOI:10.16829/j.slxb.201602002
野生大熊猫与放牧家畜的空间利用格局比较
Comparative space use patterns of wild giant pandas and livestock
摘要
Abstract
Habitat use describes how wildlife utilize natural resources and their activity patterns,and has great influence on the genetic exchange between local populations and their viability.Between 2010 and 2012,we collected habitat data and GPS data from giant pandas and livestock—domestic horses at the Hetaoping section of Wolong National Nature Reserve and surrounding areas by using GPS collar tracking technology.Afterwards,we selected GPS data from a representative 3 pandas and 3 horses and calculated the terrain,home range,daily movement distance and number of core areas by applying analyses such as digital elevation model (DEM) and animal movement module.Finally,we analyzed and tested whether there were significant difference between the habitat use of giant pandas and of livestock.The results showed that there were significant differences in habitat use between giant pandas and livestock in terms of altitude,slope and aspect of the terrain,home range,daily movement distance and number of core areas both seasonally and yearly.For giant pandas,habitat use changed between Fargesia robusta,Yushania brevipaniculata and Bashania faberi bamboo forests according to season and food abundance (bamboo shoots,bamboo stems,bamboo branches and leaves),and exhibited a random dispersal pattern across a large activity range (altitude range,home range),short daily movement distance,large number of core areas and high variation between individuals and months.For livestock,depending on the original release site and disturbance level,habitat use exhibited a different pattern.However,compared with that of giant pandas,horses featured small home ranges,long daily movement distance,small number of core areas,and low variation between individual groups and months.These two divergent habitat use patterns put distinctive levels of pressure on local natural resources:the one adopted by giant pandas is beneficial for the recovery of bamboo resources and the sustainable development of the ecosystem;on the contrary,the one adopted by livestock will cause deterioration of the bamboo resources and destruction to the integrity of the ecosystem.Consequently,it is urgent for Wolong National Nature Reserve to reinforce the management of domestic grazing animals,and coordinate economic development of local communities with biodiversity conservation.关键词
大熊猫/放牧家畜/空间利用格局/GPS颈圈/卧龙自然保护区Key words
Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)/GPS-collar/Livestock/Space use pattern/Wolong Nature Reserve分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
周世强,Vanessa HULL,张晋东,黄金燕,刘巅,黄炎,李德生,张和民..野生大熊猫与放牧家畜的空间利用格局比较[J].兽类学报,2016,36(2):138-151,14.基金项目
国家林业局大熊猫国际合作基金项目(SD1113 （）
SD0631) （）
