生态学报2017，Vol.37Issue(7)：2415-2427,13.DOI:10.5846/stxb201601030011
多功能视角下的山区乡村空间功能分异特征及类型划分
Differentiation of spatial function in a mountainous rural area from a multi-functional perspective
摘要
Abstract
Rural areas are a combined space system including multi-level towns,villages,and administrative regions.At present,China is entering a stage of rapid economic development.Rapid industrialization and urbanization is accompanied by a recombination and interaction of urban and rural population mobility and economic and social development factors,which have resulted in a reconstruction of the socio-economic structure and spatial distribution patterns.Rural space is affected by various increasingly serious problems,such as eroded agricultural production space,exacerbated rural hollowing,extruded and broken ecological space,unbalanced functional rural space,decreased land utilization efficiency,and increasingly serious ecological and environmental crises.Additionally,differences in regional development conditions and processes,diversity of regional development goals,various social demands,and land use suitability have resulted in different geographical spaces with a variety of functions.As a result,the regional function of rural settlements has gradually transformed into a multi-function of " production,ecology,and life," presenting significant regional and temporal variability.Rural function has become increasingly complex and diversified,and rural development orientation includes a wide range of features.An in-depth study of rural transformation development in different regions,the in-homogeneity of rural spatial pattern,and the division in rural spatial function types during the reconstruction process,and the mechanisms and patterns of rural reconstruction from the dynamic mechanism of rural economic structure and spatial structure reconstruction is fundamental for the fields of regional agriculture and rural geography.This research is necessary to provide effective implementation of space control,and management and regulation for the healthy development of specific rural space,and for the systematic development and transformation of rural areas.Mountainous rural areas are characterized by complicated land space functional structure,abundant layers,and diversified spatial landscapes;therefore,it is impractical to solve issues of land utilization and spatial optimization in mountainous rural areas with traditional spatial planning theories and methods.The present study focused on the rural western mountainous areas of Chongqing City as a case study;wc constructed a multi-function evaluation index system of rural space and identified the rural space multi-function as five subfunctions:agricultural production,economic development,ecological conservation,ecological stability,and social security.The present study adopted the entropy method to determine the rural spatial function values throughout Chongqing City in 2013,and applied Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology and the Dagum Gini coefficient estimation to determine the differential characteristics of rural spatial function and distribution of the multi-functional types of rural spaces in the city.The results showed that:(1) valley-type villages are characterized by complex terrain and diversified landscape types and functions;there was obvious spatial agglomeration and significant spatial variability in addition to the stability of ecological function.2) The Dagum Gini coefficient is an effective technical method that can be used determine regional differences and inter-district disparity in the study area more clearly.These results showed that Gnb is the main source of the overall gap with a contribution rate of more than 50％.(3) Based on the distribution differences in rural space function,mountainous village characteristics,and ecological environment vulnerability,the space was divided into eight functional types:agricultural production and economic development,agricultural production and livable area,livable area and social security,livable area and economic development,water conservation and ecological conservation,ecological conservation and economic development,ecological conservation and agricultural production,and soil conservation and ecological protection.These functional types effectively reflect the regional characteristics,and provide a useful reference for scientific and environmental management and development,and utilization of the land resources of the mountainous rural space,thus enhancing coordinated and sustainable regional development.关键词
多功能/山区/乡村空间/Dagum基尼系数/生态Key words
multi-functional space/mountain area/rural space/Dagum Gini coefficient/ecology引用本文复制引用
洪惠坤,谢德体,郭莉滨,胡蓉,廖和平..多功能视角下的山区乡村空间功能分异特征及类型划分[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2415-2427,13.基金项目
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题:三峡库区及上游流域农村面源污染控制技术与工程示范(2012ZX07104-003) （2012ZX07104-003）
中央高校基本业务费专项资金资助(XDJK2016C120) （XDJK2016C120）
